{
 "license": "CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/); 原文与古注为公版",
 "attribution": "一孔录 Yikonglu, https://yikonglu.com",
 "book": "论语",
 "pian": "公冶长",
 "chapters": [
  {
   "chapter": "5.1",
   "title": "子谓公冶长可妻也",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/1.html",
   "text": "子谓公冶长：可妻也。虽在缧绁之中，非其罪也。以其子妻之。子谓南容：邦有道不废，邦无道免于刑戮。以其兄之子妻之。",
   "sentences": [
    "子谓公冶长：可妻也。",
    "虽在缧绁之中，非其罪也。",
    "以其子妻之。",
    "子谓南容：邦有道不废，邦无道免于刑戮。",
    "以其兄之子妻之。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子评说公冶长：女儿可以嫁给他。他虽然坐过牢，罪却不在他。于是把自己的女儿许配给他。孔子评说南容：天下有道时，他总会被任用；天下无道时，他也能免遭刑罚杀戮。于是把哥哥的女儿许配给他。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "缧，黑索也。绁，挛也。古者狱中以黑索拘挛罪人。长之为人无所考，而夫子称其可妻，其必有以取之矣",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "61"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "又言其人虽尝陷于缧绁之中，而非其罪，则固无害于可妻也。夫有罪无罪，在我而已，岂以自外至者为荣辱哉",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "61"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "南容，孔子弟子，居南宫。名縚，又名适。字子容……不废，言必见用也。以其谨于言行，故能见用于治朝，免祸于乱世也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "61"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "或曰：公冶长之贤不及南容，故圣人以其子妻长，而以兄子妻容，盖厚于兄而薄于己也。程子曰：此以己之私心窥圣人也。凡人避嫌者，皆内不足也，圣人自至公，何避嫌之有？况嫁女必量其才而求配，尤不当有所避也……避嫌之事，贤者且不为，况圣人乎",
     "source": "朱注；朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "61",
      "62"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "妻",
     "pos": "可妻、以其子妻之、妻长、妻容",
     "du": "qì"
    },
    {
     "zi": "长",
     "pos": "公冶长",
     "du": "cháng"
    },
    {
     "zi": "缧",
     "pos": "缧绁",
     "du": "léi"
    },
    {
     "zi": "绁",
     "pos": "缧绁",
     "du": "xiè"
    },
    {
     "zi": "戮",
     "pos": "刑戮",
     "du": "lù"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云子謂公冶長可妻也者，公冶長，弟子也。",
    "scan_page": "3"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.2",
   "title": "子谓子贱：君子哉若人",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/2.html",
   "text": "子谓子贱：君子哉若人！鲁无君子者，斯焉取斯？",
   "sentences": [
    "子谓子贱：君子哉若人！",
    "鲁无君子者，斯焉取斯？"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子评说子贱：这个人真是君子啊！倘若鲁国没有君子，他又从哪里得来这样的德行？",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "上斯斯此人，下斯斯此德。子贱盖能尊贤取友以成其德者，故夫子既叹其贤，而又言若鲁无君子，则此人何所取以成此德乎？因以见鲁之多贤也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "62"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "称人之善，必本其父兄师友，厚之至也",
     "source": "朱注引苏氏",
     "pages": [
      "62"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "焉",
     "pos": "斯焉取斯、焉用佞",
     "du": "yān"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云子謂子賤者，亦評子賤也。",
    "scan_page": "4"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.3",
   "title": "子贡问曰：赐也何如",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/3.html",
   "text": "子贡问曰：赐也何如？子曰：女，器也。曰：何器也？曰：瑚琏也。",
   "sentences": [
    "子贡问曰：赐也何如？",
    "子曰：女，器也。",
    "曰：何器也？",
    "曰：瑚琏也。"
   ],
   "baihua": "子贡问：我这个人怎样？孔子说：你是一件成了材的器。子贡问：哪一种器？孔子说：宗庙里盛黍稷、镶着玉的瑚琏。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "器者，有用之成材。夏曰瑚，商曰琏，周曰簠簋，皆宗庙盛黍稷之器而饰以玉，器之贵重而华美者也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "62"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "子贡见孔子以君子许子贱，故以己为问，而孔子告之以此。然则子贡虽未至于不器，其亦器之贵者欤",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "62"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "瑚",
     "pos": "瑚琏",
     "du": "hú"
    },
    {
     "zi": "琏",
     "pos": "瑚琏",
     "du": "liǎn"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云子貢問曰賜也何如者，子貢聞孔子歷評諸弟子而不及己。",
    "scan_page": "4"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.4",
   "title": "雍也仁而不佞",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/4.html",
   "text": "或曰：雍也仁而不佞。子曰：焉用佞？御人以口给，屡憎于人。不知其仁，焉用佞？",
   "sentences": [
    "或曰：雍也仁而不佞。",
    "子曰：焉用佞？",
    "御人以口给，屡憎于人。",
    "不知其仁，焉用佞？"
   ],
   "baihua": "有人说：冉雍有仁德，只是不善言辞。孔子说：要能说会道做什么？凭嘴快去应付人，往往招人厌恶。他算不算仁我不敢说，可要口才做什么呢？",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "佞，口才也。仲弓为人重厚简默，而时人以佞为贤，故美其优于德，而病其短于才也……御，当也，犹应答也。给，辩也。憎，恶也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "62",
      "63"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "言何用佞乎？佞人所以应答人者，但以口取辩而无情实，徒多为人所憎恶尔。我虽未知仲弓之仁，然其不佞乃所以为贤，不足以为病也。再言焉用佞，所以深晓之",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "63"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "或疑仲弓之贤而夫子不许其仁，何也？曰：仁道至大，非全体而不息者，不足以当之。如颜子亚圣，犹不能无违于三月之后；况仲弓虽贤，未及颜子，圣人固不得而轻许之也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "63"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "焉",
     "pos": "斯焉取斯、焉用佞",
     "du": "yān"
    },
    {
     "zi": "佞",
     "pos": "不佞、用佞",
     "du": "nìng"
    },
    {
     "zi": "给",
     "pos": "口给",
     "du": "jǐ"
    },
    {
     "zi": "憎",
     "pos": "屡憎、憎恶",
     "du": "zēng"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云或曰雍也仁而不佞者，或人云弟子雍甚有仁德而不能佞媚求會時也。",
    "scan_page": "5"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.5",
   "title": "子使漆雕开仕",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/5.html",
   "text": "子使漆雕开仕。对曰：吾斯之未能信。子说。",
   "sentences": [
    "子使漆雕开仕。",
    "对曰：吾斯之未能信。",
    "子说。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子让漆雕开去做官。漆雕开回答：这件事的道理，我还不能确信无疑。孔子听了很高兴。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "斯，指此理而言。信，谓真知其如此，而无毫发之疑也。开自言未能如此，未可以治人，故夫子说其笃志",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "63"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "漆雕开已见大意，故夫子说之……开之学无可考。然圣人使之仕，必其材可以仕矣。至于心术之微，则一毫不自得，不害其为未信。此圣人所不能知，而开自知之。其材可以仕，而其器不安于小成，他日所就，其可量乎？夫子所以说之也",
     "source": "朱注引程子、谢氏",
     "pages": [
      "63",
      "64"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "说",
     "pos": "子说、说其笃志、说之",
     "du": "yuè"
    },
    {
     "zi": "漆雕",
     "pos": "漆雕开",
     "du": "qī diāo"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云子使漆彫開仕者，孔子使此弟子出仕官也。",
    "scan_page": "6"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.6",
   "title": "道不行，乘桴浮于海",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/6.html",
   "text": "子曰：道不行，乘桴浮于海。从我者，其由与？子路闻之喜。子曰：由也好勇过我，无所取材。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：道不行，乘桴浮于海。",
    "从我者，其由与？",
    "子路闻之喜。",
    "子曰：由也好勇过我，无所取材。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：道行不通的话，我就乘个木筏漂到海上去。肯跟我走的，大概是仲由吧？子路听了很高兴。孔子说：仲由好勇胜过我，只是不懂得裁度事理。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "桴，筏也……材，与裁同，古字借用……浮海之叹，伤天下之无贤君也",
     "source": "朱注；朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "64"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "子路勇于义，故谓其能从己，皆假设之言耳。子路以为实然，而喜夫子之与己，故夫子美其勇，而讥其不能裁度事理，以适于义也",
     "source": "朱注引程子（续，程颐）",
     "pages": [
      "64"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "桴",
     "pos": "乘桴",
     "du": "fú"
    },
    {
     "zi": "乘",
     "pos": "乘桴",
     "du": "chéng"
    },
    {
     "zi": "从",
     "pos": "从我者",
     "du": "cóng"
    },
    {
     "zi": "好",
     "pos": "好勇",
     "du": "hào"
    },
    {
     "zi": "与",
     "pos": "其由与",
     "du": "yú"
    },
    {
     "zi": "材",
     "pos": "无所取材",
     "du": "cái"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云道不行乘桴浮於海者，桴者，編竹木也。",
    "scan_page": "6"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.7",
   "title": "孟武伯问子路仁乎",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/7.html",
   "text": "孟武伯问：子路仁乎？子曰：不知也。又问。子曰：由也，千乘之国，可使治其赋也，不知其仁也。求也何如？子曰：求也，千室之邑，百乘之家，可使为之宰也，不知其仁也。赤也何如？子曰：赤也，束带立于朝，可使与宾客言也，不知其仁也。",
   "sentences": [
    "孟武伯问：子路仁乎？",
    "子曰：不知也。",
    "又问。",
    "子曰：由也，千乘之国，可使治其赋也，不知其仁也。",
    "求也何如？",
    "子曰：求也，千室之邑，百乘之家，可使为之宰也，不知其仁也。",
    "赤也何如？",
    "子曰：赤也，束带立于朝，可使与宾客言也，不知其仁也。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孟武伯问：子路算得上仁吗？孔子说：不知道。他又问。孔子说：仲由嘛，一个出得起千辆兵车的大国，可以让他掌管兵事；仁不仁，我不知道。又问：冉求怎样？孔子说：冉求嘛，千户的大邑、百辆兵车的卿大夫之家，可以让他做总管；仁不仁，我不知道。又问：公西赤怎样？孔子说：公西赤嘛，系上礼带站在朝堂上，可以让他应对宾客；仁不仁，我不知道。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "赋，兵也。古者以田赋出兵，故谓兵为赋……宰，邑长家臣之通号……赤，孔子弟子，姓公西，字子华",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "64",
      "65"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "子路之于仁，盖日月至焉者，或在或亡，不能必其有无，故以不知告之……言子路之才，可见者如此，仁则不能知也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "64"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "乘",
     "pos": "千乘、百乘",
     "du": "shèng"
    },
    {
     "zi": "赋",
     "pos": "治其赋",
     "du": "fù"
    },
    {
     "zi": "朝",
     "pos": "立于朝、治朝",
     "du": "cháo"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云孟武伯問子路仁乎者，武伯問孔子云：弟子中有子路，是仁人不乎？",
    "scan_page": "8"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.8",
   "title": "女与回也孰愈",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/8.html",
   "text": "子谓子贡曰：女与回也孰愈？对曰：赐也何敢望回？回也闻一以知十，赐也闻一以知二。子曰：弗如也！吾与女弗如也。",
   "sentences": [
    "子谓子贡曰：女与回也孰愈？",
    "对曰：赐也何敢望回？",
    "回也闻一以知十，赐也闻一以知二。",
    "子曰：弗如也！",
    "吾与女弗如也。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子问子贡：你和颜回比，谁强？子贡回答：我哪敢跟颜回比？他听到开头就能看到结尾，我听到一点只能推出另一点。孔子说：是不如他。我认可你这话，你确实不如他。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "愈，胜也。一，数之始。十，数之终。二者，一之对也。颜子明睿所照，即始而见终；子贡推测而知，因此而识彼",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "65"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "与，许也。子贡方人，夫子既语以不暇，又问其与回孰愈，以观其自知之如何……夫子以其自知之明，而又不难于自屈，故既然之，又重许之。此其所以终闻性与天道，不特闻一知二而已也",
     "source": "朱注；朱注引胡氏",
     "pages": [
      "65"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "女",
     "pos": "女与回、吾与女",
     "du": "rǔ"
    },
    {
     "zi": "与",
     "pos": "吾与女弗如也",
     "du": "yǔ"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云子謂子貢曰汝與回也孰愈者，孰，誰也；愈，勝也。",
    "scan_page": "9"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.9",
   "title": "宰予昼寝",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/9.html",
   "text": "宰予昼寝。子曰：朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可杇也，于予与何诛？子曰：始吾于人也，听其言而信其行；今吾于人也，听其言而观其行。于予与改是。",
   "sentences": [
    "宰予昼寝。",
    "子曰：朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可杇也，于予与何诛？",
    "子曰：始吾于人也，听其言而信其行；今吾于人也，听其言而观其行。",
    "于予与改是。"
   ],
   "baihua": "宰予大白天睡觉。孔子说：烂了的木头没法雕刻，粪土垒的墙没法抹平；对宰予，我还责备他什么呢？孔子又说：从前我看人，听了他的话就信他会照着做；如今我看人，听了他的话还要看他做没做。是宰予让我改了这个做法。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "昼寝，谓当昼而寐。朽，腐也。雕，刻画也。杇，镘也。言其志气昏惰，教无所施也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "65",
      "66"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "与，语辞。诛，责也。言不足责，乃所以深责之",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "66"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "宰予能言而行不逮，故孔子自言于予之事而改此失，亦以重警之也。胡氏曰：子曰疑衍文，不然，则非一日之言也",
     "source": "朱注；朱注引胡氏",
     "pages": [
      "66"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "君子之于学，惟日孜孜，毙而后已，惟恐其不及也。宰予昼寝，自弃孰甚焉，故夫子责之……宰予不能以志帅气，居然而倦。是宴安之气胜，儆戒之志惰也",
     "source": "朱注引范氏、胡氏",
     "pages": [
      "66"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "听言观行，圣人不待是而后能，亦非缘此而尽疑学者。特因此立教，以警群弟子，使谨于言而敏于行耳",
     "source": "朱注（胡氏语续）",
     "pages": [
      "66"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "朽",
     "pos": "朽木、朽腐也",
     "du": "xiǔ"
    },
    {
     "zi": "杇",
     "pos": "不可杇也、杇镘也",
     "du": "wū"
    },
    {
     "zi": "与",
     "pos": "于予与何诛、于予与改是",
     "du": "yú"
    },
    {
     "zi": "诛",
     "pos": "何诛",
     "du": "zhū"
    },
    {
     "zi": "行",
     "pos": "信其行、观其行、行不逮",
     "du": "xìng"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云宰予晝寢者，寢，眠也。",
    "scan_page": "10"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.10",
   "title": "吾未见刚者",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/10.html",
   "text": "子曰：吾未见刚者。或对曰：申枨。子曰：枨也欲，焉得刚？",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：吾未见刚者。",
    "或对曰：申枨。",
    "子曰：枨也欲，焉得刚？"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：我没见过真正刚的人。有人回答：申枨就是。孔子说：申枨欲望多，哪里刚得起来？",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "刚，坚强不屈之意，最人所难能者，故夫子叹其未见……欲，多嗜欲也。多嗜欲，则不得为刚矣。程子曰：人有欲则无刚，刚则不屈于欲",
     "source": "朱注；朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "66"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "刚与欲正相反。能胜物之谓刚，故常伸于万物之上；为物揜之谓欲，故常屈于万物之下……枨之欲不可知，其为人得非悻悻自好者乎？故或者疑以为刚，然不知此其所以为欲尔",
     "source": "朱注引谢氏",
     "pages": [
      "66",
      "67"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "枨",
     "pos": "申枨",
     "du": "chéng"
    },
    {
     "zi": "焉",
     "pos": "焉得刚",
     "du": "yān"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云吾未見剛者者，剛謂性無慾者也。",
    "scan_page": "11"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.11",
   "title": "我不欲人之加诸我也",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/11.html",
   "text": "子贡曰：我不欲人之加诸我也，吾亦欲无加诸人。子曰：赐也，非尔所及也。",
   "sentences": [
    "子贡曰：我不欲人之加诸我也，吾亦欲无加诸人。",
    "子曰：赐也，非尔所及也。"
   ],
   "baihua": "子贡说：我不愿别人加在我身上的事，我也不想加到别人身上。孔子说：赐啊，这还不是你够得着的。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "子贡言我所不欲人加于我之事，我亦不欲以此加之于人。此仁者之事，不待勉强，故夫子以为非子贡所及。程子曰：……恕则子贡或能勉之，仁则非所及矣",
     "source": "朱注；朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "67"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "愚谓无者自然而然，勿者禁止之谓，此所以为仁恕之别",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "67"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云子貢曰云云者，子貢自願無世人以非理加陵於我也。",
    "scan_page": "11"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.12",
   "title": "夫子之文章",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/12.html",
   "text": "子贡曰：夫子之文章，可得而闻也；夫子之言性与天道，不可得而闻也。",
   "sentences": [
    "子贡曰：夫子之文章，可得而闻也；夫子之言性与天道，不可得而闻也。"
   ],
   "baihua": "子贡说：老师显露在外的威仪和言谈，我们天天都见得到、听得到；老师谈人性与天道，我们难得听到。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "文章，德之见乎外者，威仪文辞皆是也。性者，人所受之天理；天道者，天理自然之本体，其实一理也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "67"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "言夫子之文章，日见乎外，固学者所共闻；至于性与天道，则夫子罕言之，而学者有不得闻者。盖圣门教不躐等，子贡至是始得闻之，而叹其美也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "67",
      "68"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "程子曰：此子贡闻夫子之至论而叹美之言也",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "68"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云子貢曰云云者，子貢此歎顔氏之鑽仰也。",
    "scan_page": "12"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.13",
   "title": "子路有闻",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/13.html",
   "text": "子路有闻，未之能行，唯恐有闻。",
   "sentences": [
    "子路有闻，未之能行，唯恐有闻。"
   ],
   "baihua": "子路听到一条道理，还没来得及做到，就唯恐又听到新的一条。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "前所闻者既未及行，故恐复有所闻而行之不给也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "68"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "子路闻善，勇于必行，门人自以为弗及也，故著之。若子路，可谓能用其勇矣",
     "source": "朱注引范氏",
     "pages": [
      "68"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "子路禀性果决，言無宿諾，故前有所聞於孔子，即欲修行。",
    "scan_page": "13"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.14",
   "title": "孔文子何以谓之文",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/14.html",
   "text": "子贡问曰：孔文子何以谓之文也？子曰：敏而好学，不耻下问，是以谓之文也。",
   "sentences": [
    "子贡问曰：孔文子何以谓之文也？",
    "子曰：敏而好学，不耻下问，是以谓之文也。"
   ],
   "baihua": "子贡问：孔文子死后凭什么得了“文”这个谥号？孔子说：他天资聪敏却肯用功，身居高位却不以向下面的人求教为耻，所以谥为“文”。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "孔文子，卫大夫，名圉。凡人性敏者多不好学，位高者多耻下问。故谥法有以勤学好问为文者，盖亦人所难也。孔圉得谥为文，以此而已",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "68"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "孔文子使太叔疾出其妻而妻之。疾通于初妻之娣，文子怒，将攻之。访于仲尼，仲尼不对，命驾而行。疾奔宋，文子使疾弟遗室孔姞。其为人如此而谥曰文，此子贡之所以疑而问也",
     "source": "朱注引苏氏",
     "pages": [
      "68"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "孔子不没其善，言能如此，亦足以为文矣，非经天纬地之文也",
     "source": "朱注引苏氏（续）",
     "pages": [
      "68"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "好",
     "pos": "敏而好学、不好学、勤学好问",
     "du": "hào"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云子貢問云云者，衛大夫孔叔圉以文為諡，子貢疑其大高故問於孔子也。",
    "scan_page": "13"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.15",
   "title": "子产有君子之道四",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/15.html",
   "text": "子谓子产：有君子之道四焉：其行己也恭，其事上也敬，其养民也惠，其使民也义。",
   "sentences": [
    "子谓子产：有君子之道四焉：其行己也恭，其事上也敬，其养民也惠，其使民也义。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子评说子产：他身上有四样君子之道：待己谦逊，奉上谨慎，养民给人实惠，差使百姓合乎事理。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "子产，郑大夫公孙侨。恭，谦逊也。敬，谨恪也。惠，爱利也。使民义，如都鄙有章，上下有服，田有封洫，庐井有伍之类",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "68",
      "69"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "数其事而责之者，其所善者多也，臧文仲不仁者三、不知者三是也。数其事而称之者，犹有所未至也，子产有君子之道四焉是也。今或以一言盖一人，一事盖一时，皆非也",
     "source": "朱注引吴氏",
     "pages": [
      "69"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "行",
     "pos": "其行己也恭",
     "du": "xíng"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云子謂子產有君子之道四焉者，言子產有四德，並是君子之道也。",
    "scan_page": "13"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.16",
   "title": "晏平仲善与人交",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/16.html",
   "text": "子曰：晏平仲善与人交，久而敬之。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：晏平仲善与人交，久而敬之。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：晏平仲懂得与人相处，相交日久，依旧待人恭敬。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "晏平仲，齐大夫，名婴。程子曰：人交久则敬衰，久而能敬，所以为善",
     "source": "朱注；朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "69"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "晏",
     "pos": "晏平仲",
     "du": "yàn"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云晏平仲善與人交者，言晏平仲與人結交有善也。",
    "scan_page": "14"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.17",
   "title": "臧文仲居蔡",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/17.html",
   "text": "子曰：臧文仲居蔡，山节藻棁，何如其知也？",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：臧文仲居蔡，山节藻棁，何如其知也？"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：臧文仲专为一只占卜用的大龟造屋收藏，柱头斗栱雕成山形，梁上短柱绘满水草，这样的人，称得上明智吗？",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "臧文仲，鲁大夫臧孙氏，名辰。居，犹藏也。蔡，大龟也。节，柱头斗栱也。藻，水草名。梲，梁上短柱也。盖为藏龟之室，而刻山于节、画藻于梲也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "69"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "当时以文仲为知，孔子言其不务民义，而谄渎鬼神如此，安得为知？春秋传所谓作虚器，即此事也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "69"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "张子曰：山节藻梲为藏龟之室，祀爰居之义，同归于不知宜矣",
     "source": "朱注引张子",
     "pages": [
      "69"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "臧",
     "pos": "臧文仲、臧孙氏",
     "du": "zāng"
    },
    {
     "zi": "知",
     "pos": "何如其知也、以文仲为知、安得为知、同归于不知",
     "du": "zhì"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云臧文仲居蔡者，居猶畜也。",
    "scan_page": "14"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.18",
   "title": "令尹子文、陈文子",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/18.html",
   "text": "子张问曰：令尹子文三仕为令尹，无喜色；三已之，无愠色。旧令尹之政，必以告新令尹。何如？子曰：忠矣。曰：仁矣乎？曰：未知，焉得仁？崔子弑齐君，陈文子有马十乘，弃而违之。至于他邦，则曰：犹吾大夫崔子也。违之。之一邦，则又曰：犹吾大夫崔子也。违之。何如？子曰：清矣。曰：仁矣乎？曰：未知。焉得仁？",
   "sentences": [
    "子张问曰：令尹子文三仕为令尹，无喜色；三已之，无愠色。",
    "旧令尹之政，必以告新令尹。",
    "何如？",
    "子曰：忠矣。",
    "曰：仁矣乎？",
    "曰：未知，焉得仁？",
    "崔子弑齐君，陈文子有马十乘，弃而违之。",
    "至于他邦，则曰：犹吾大夫崔子也。",
    "违之。",
    "之一邦，则又曰：犹吾大夫崔子也。",
    "违之。",
    "何如？",
    "子曰：清矣。",
    "曰：仁矣乎？",
    "曰：未知。",
    "焉得仁？"
   ],
   "baihua": "子张问：楚国令尹子文三回出任令尹，不见他面露喜色；三回被免去，也不见他面带恼意；卸任时，总把自己任内的政务原原本本告诉接任的人。这人如何？孔子说：是忠。子张问：够得上仁吗？孔子说：说不准，哪里就谈得上仁？子张又问：崔杼杀了齐庄公，陈文子家有马四十匹，全数舍下，离齐而去；到了另一国，说：“这里当政的，和我们那位崔大夫一样。”又离开；再到一国，又说：“这里当政的，也和崔大夫一样。”又离开。这人如何？孔子说：是清。子张问：够得上仁吗？孔子说：说不准，哪里就谈得上仁？",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "令尹，官名，楚上卿执政者也。子文，姓鬬，名穀於菟。其为人也，喜怒不形……是以夫子但许其忠，而未许其仁也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "70"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "崔子，齐大夫，名杼……故夫子特许其清，而不许其仁",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "70"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "愚闻之师曰：当理而无私心，则仁矣。今以是而观二子之事……夫子之不许也宜哉",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "70"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "今以他书考之，子文之相楚，所谋者无非僭王猾夏之事；文子之仕齐，既失正君讨贼之义，又不数岁而复反于齐焉，则其不仁亦可见矣",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "71"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "尹",
     "pos": "令尹",
     "du": "yǐn"
    },
    {
     "zi": "已",
     "pos": "三已之",
     "du": "yǐ"
    },
    {
     "zi": "愠",
     "pos": "无愠色",
     "du": "yùn"
    },
    {
     "zi": "焉",
     "pos": "焉得仁",
     "du": "yān"
    },
    {
     "zi": "弑",
     "pos": "崔子弑齐君",
     "du": "shì"
    },
    {
     "zi": "乘",
     "pos": "十乘",
     "du": "shèng"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云子張問曰令尹子文者，令尹，楚官名也。",
    "scan_page": "15"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.19",
   "title": "季文子三思而后行",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/19.html",
   "text": "季文子三思而后行。子闻之，曰：再，斯可矣。",
   "sentences": [
    "季文子三思而后行。",
    "子闻之，曰：再，斯可矣。"
   ],
   "baihua": "季文子遇事总要想过三遍才动手。孔子听说了，说：想两遍，也就够了。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "三，去声。季文子，鲁大夫，名行父。每事必三思而后行，若使晋而求遭丧之礼以行，亦其一事也。斯，语辞",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "71"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "程子曰：为恶之人，未尝知有思，有思则为善矣。然至于再则已审，三则私意起而反惑矣。故夫子讥之",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "71"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "愚按：季文子虑事如此，可谓详审，而宜无过举矣。而宣公篡立……不徒多思之为尚",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "71"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "三",
     "pos": "三思而后行、每事必三思",
     "du": "sàn"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云季文子三思而後行者，言文子有賢行，舉事必三過思之也。",
    "scan_page": "17"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.20",
   "title": "甯武子邦无道则愚",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/20.html",
   "text": "子曰：寗武子邦有道则知，邦无道则愚。其知可及也，其愚不可及也。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：寗武子邦有道则知，邦无道则愚。",
    "其知可及也，其愚不可及也。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：甯武子在国家清明时，显得聪明；国家昏乱时，显得愚拙。他的聪明，别人赶得上；他那份愚拙，别人赶不上。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "甯武子，卫大夫，名俞。按春秋传，武子仕卫，当文公、成公之时。文公有道，而武子无事可见，此其知之可及也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "71"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "成公无道，至于失国，而武子周旋其间……此其愚之不可及也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "71",
      "72"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "程子曰：邦无道能沉晦以免患，故曰不可及也。亦有不当愚者，比干是也",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "72"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "知",
     "pos": "邦有道则知、其知可及、知之可及、知巧之士",
     "du": "zhì"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "此章美武子德也。",
    "scan_page": "17"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.21",
   "title": "子在陈曰归与",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/21.html",
   "text": "子在陈曰：归与！归与！吾党之小子狂简，斐然成章，不知所以裁之。",
   "sentences": [
    "子在陈曰：归与！",
    "归与！",
    "吾党之小子狂简，斐然成章，不知所以裁之。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子在陈国，感叹道：该回去了！该回去了！我家乡那班年轻人，志向远大而做事粗疏，文采已经斐然可观，却还不懂得怎样裁剪自己。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "此孔子周流四方，道不行而思归之叹也。吾党小子，指门人之在鲁者。狂简，志大而略于事也。斐，文貌。成章，言其文理成就，有可观者。裁，割正也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "72"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "夫子初心，欲行其道于天下……故欲归而裁之也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "72"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "与",
     "pos": "归与",
     "du": "yú"
    },
    {
     "zi": "斐",
     "pos": "斐然",
     "du": "fěi"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云子在陳曰歸與歸與者，孔子周流諸國，在陳最久，將欲反魯，故發此辭。",
    "scan_page": "18"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.22",
   "title": "伯夷叔齐不念旧恶",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/22.html",
   "text": "子曰：伯夷、叔齐不念旧恶，怨是用希。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：伯夷、叔齐不念旧恶，怨是用希。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：伯夷、叔齐不记着人家从前的过错，所以别人对他们也就少有怨恨。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "伯夷、叔齐，孤竹君之二子。孟子称其不立于恶人之朝，不与恶人言。与乡人立，其冠不正，望望然去之，若将浼焉。其介如此，宜若无所容矣",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "72"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "然其所恶之人，能改即止，故人亦不甚怨之也。程子曰：不念旧恶，此清者之量。又曰：二子之心，非夫子孰能知之",
     "source": "朱注；朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "72"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "恶",
     "pos": "旧恶、恶人",
     "du": "è"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "此美夷齊之德也。",
    "scan_page": "18"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.23",
   "title": "孰谓微生高直",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/23.html",
   "text": "子曰：孰谓微生高直？或乞醯焉，乞诸其邻而与之。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：孰谓微生高直？",
    "或乞醯焉，乞诸其邻而与之。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：哪个说微生高直？有人上门讨一点醋，他自家没有，便去隔壁讨了来，当作自己的给人家。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "微生姓，高名，鲁人，素有直名者。醯，醋也。人来乞时，其家无有，故乞诸邻家以与之。夫子言此，讥其曲意徇物，掠美市恩，不得为直也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "73"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "程子曰：微生高所枉虽小，害直为大。范氏曰：是曰是，非曰非，有谓有，无谓无，曰直。圣人观人于其一介之取予，而千驷万钟从可知焉。故以微事断之，所以教人不可不谨也",
     "source": "朱注引程子、范氏",
     "pages": [
      "73"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "醯",
     "pos": "乞醯、醯醋也",
     "du": "xī"
    },
    {
     "zi": "乞",
     "pos": "乞醯、乞诸其邻",
     "du": "qǐ"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云孰謂微生高直者，于時世人多云微生高用性清直，而孔子譏之，故云孰謂微生高直也。",
    "scan_page": "19"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.24",
   "title": "巧言令色足恭",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/24.html",
   "text": "子曰：巧言、令色、足恭，左丘明耻之，丘亦耻之。匿怨而友其人，左丘明耻之，丘亦耻之。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：巧言、令色、足恭，左丘明耻之，丘亦耻之。",
    "匿怨而友其人，左丘明耻之，丘亦耻之。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：话说得漂亮，脸色装得好看，恭敬得过了头，左丘明觉得可耻，我也觉得可耻。心里藏着怨恨，面上却跟那人交朋友，左丘明觉得可耻，我也觉得可耻。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "足，将树反。足，过也。程子曰：左丘明，古之闻人也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "73"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "谢氏曰：二者之可耻，有甚于穿窬也……使察乎此而立心以直也",
     "source": "朱注引谢氏",
     "pages": [
      "73"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "足",
     "pos": "足恭、足过也",
     "du": "jù"
    },
    {
     "zi": "匿",
     "pos": "匿怨",
     "du": "nì"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云巧言令色足恭者，謂己用恭情少，而為巧言令色足恭之者也。",
    "scan_page": "19"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.25",
   "title": "盍各言尔志",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/25.html",
   "text": "颜渊、季路侍。子曰：盍各言尔志？子路曰：愿车马、衣轻裘，与朋友共。敝之而无憾。颜渊曰：愿无伐善，无施劳。子路曰：愿闻子之志。子曰：老者安之，朋友信之，少者怀之。",
   "sentences": [
    "颜渊、季路侍。",
    "子曰：盍各言尔志？",
    "子路曰：愿车马、衣轻裘，与朋友共。",
    "敝之而无憾。",
    "颜渊曰：愿无伐善，无施劳。",
    "子路曰：愿闻子之志。",
    "子曰：老者安之，朋友信之，少者怀之。"
   ],
   "baihua": "颜渊、子路陪在孔子身边。孔子说：你们何不各自谈谈志向？子路说：我愿把车马、轻暖的皮袍拿出来和朋友一起用，用坏了也不心疼。颜渊说：我愿不夸耀自己的长处，不张扬自己的功劳。子路说：想听听老师的心愿。孔子说：让老人得到安顿，让朋友能够信赖，让年少的得到关怀。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "盍，何不也。衣，服之也。裘，皮服。敝，坏也。憾，恨也。伐，夸也。善，谓有能。施，亦张大之意。劳，谓有功，易曰劳而不伐是也。或曰：劳，劳事也。劳事非己所欲，故亦不欲施之于人。亦通",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "73",
      "74"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "老者养之以安，朋友与之以信，少者怀之以恩。一说：安之，安我也；信之，信我也；怀之，怀我也。亦通",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "74"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "程子曰：夫子安仁，颜渊不违仁，子路求仁。又曰：子路、颜渊、孔子之志，皆与物共者也，但有小大之差尔",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "74"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "又曰：子路勇于义者……此圣人之所为也",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "74"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "今夫羁靮以御马而不以制牛……须要识得圣贤气象",
     "source": "朱注引程子（续）",
     "pages": [
      "74"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "盍",
     "pos": "盍各言尔志、盍何不也",
     "du": "hé"
    },
    {
     "zi": "衣",
     "pos": "衣轻裘、衣服之也",
     "du": "yì"
    },
    {
     "zi": "裘",
     "pos": "轻裘",
     "du": "qiú"
    },
    {
     "zi": "敝",
     "pos": "敝之",
     "du": "bì"
    },
    {
     "zi": "憾",
     "pos": "无憾",
     "du": "hàn"
    },
    {
     "zi": "施",
     "pos": "无施劳、施之于人",
     "du": "shī"
    },
    {
     "zi": "少",
     "pos": "少者怀之",
     "du": "shào"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云顔淵季路侍者，季路即子路也。",
    "scan_page": "20"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.26",
   "title": "吾未见能见其过而内自讼者",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/26.html",
   "text": "子曰：已矣乎！吾未见能见其过而内自讼者也。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：已矣乎！",
    "吾未见能见其过而内自讼者也。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：算了吧！我还没见过能看清自己的过错、又在心里责备自己的人。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "已矣乎者，恐其终不得见而叹之也。内自讼者，口不言而心自咎也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "74"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "人有过而能自知者鲜矣，知过而能内自讼者为尤鲜。能内自讼，则其悔悟深切而能改必矣。夫子自恐终不得见而叹之，其警学者深矣",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "74",
      "75"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "已",
     "pos": "已矣乎",
     "du": "yǐ"
    },
    {
     "zi": "讼",
     "pos": "内自讼",
     "du": "sòng"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "已，止也。",
    "scan_page": "21"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "5.27",
   "title": "十室之邑必有忠信如丘者",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/gong-ye-chang/27.html",
   "text": "子曰：十室之邑，必有忠信如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：十室之邑，必有忠信如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：就是只有十户人家的小地方，也一定有像我这样忠厚守信的人，只是比不上我这样爱学罢了。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "焉，如字，属上句。好，去声。十室，小邑也。忠信如圣人，生质之美者也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "75"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "夫子生知而未尝不好学，故言此以勉人。言美质易得，至道难闻，学之至则可以为圣人，不学则不免为乡人而已。可不勉哉",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "75"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "焉",
     "pos": "如丘者焉",
     "du": "yān"
    },
    {
     "zi": "好",
     "pos": "好学",
     "du": "hào"
    },
    {
     "zi": "邑",
     "pos": "十室之邑、小邑",
     "du": "yì"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "丘，孔子名也。",
    "scan_page": "21"
   }
  }
 ]
}