{
 "license": "CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/); 原文与古注为公版",
 "attribution": "一孔录 Yikonglu, https://yikonglu.com",
 "generated": "2026-11-03",
 "book": "论语",
 "pian": "为政",
 "chapters": [
  {
   "chapter": "2.1",
   "title": "为政以德",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/wei-zheng/1.html",
   "text": "子曰：为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：用德来治理政事，就像北极星，安居在它的位置上，众星都环绕着它。",
   "common_reading": "北极星不动，治国者什么都不用做。",
   "zhu_keys": "“政之为言正也”“德之为言得也，行道而有得于心也”；“北辰……天之枢也”；“共，向也”。",
   "others": "程子“为政以德，然后无为”（次序不能倒）；范祖禹“所守者至简而能御烦”。",
   "yikonglu_reading": "不是不要政令，是治理者自己先有所得；放到今天：说话算数的班主任。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "共，音拱，亦作拱；共，向也；北辰（即北极）",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "23",
      "24"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "政之为言正也，所以正人之不正也；德之为言得也，行道而有得于心也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "24"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "北辰，北极，天之枢也；居其所，不动也；言众星四面旋绕而归向之也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "24"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "为政以德，则无为而天下归之，其象如此",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "24"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "为政以德，然后无为",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "24"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "为政以德，则不动而化，不言而信，无为而成；所守者至简而能御烦，所处者至静而能制动，所务者至寡而能服众",
     "source": "朱注引范氏",
     "pages": [
      "24"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "共",
     "pos": "众星共之",
     "du": "gǒng"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云為政以德者，此明人君為政教之法也。",
    "scan_page": "62"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "2.2",
   "title": "思无邪",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/wei-zheng/2.html",
   "text": "子曰：诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：《诗》三百篇，用一句话来概括，就是：让人的思想不走邪路。",
   "common_reading": "三百篇都纯正无邪。",
   "zhu_keys": "“蔽，犹盖也”；“凡诗之言，善者可以感发人之善心，恶者可以惩创人之逸志”。",
   "others": "程子“思无邪者，诚也”；范祖禹“知要则能守约”。",
   "yikonglu_reading": "“无邪”在读者，不全在诗；放到今天：写坏人的小说也能让人归正。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "诗三百十一篇，言三百者，举大数也；蔽，犹盖也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "24"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "思无邪，鲁颂駉篇之辞",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "24"
     ],
     "paraphrase": true
    },
    {
     "text": "凡诗之言，善者可以感发人之善心，恶者可以惩创人之逸志，其用归于使人得其情性之正而已",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "24"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "思无邪者，诚也",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "24"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "学者必务知要，知要则能守约，守约则足以尽博矣。经礼三百，曲礼三千，亦可以一言以蔽之，曰毋不敬",
     "source": "朱注引范氏",
     "pages": [
      "24"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "蔽",
     "pos": "一言以蔽之",
     "du": "bì"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "此章舉詩證為政以德之事也。",
    "scan_page": "62"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "2.3",
   "title": "道之以政",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/wei-zheng/3.html",
   "text": "子曰：道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：用政令来引导，用刑罚来整齐，百姓只求免于刑罚，却没有羞耻之心；用德来引导，用礼来整齐，百姓有羞耻之心，而且能归于正。",
   "common_reading": "孔子反对法令刑罚。",
   "zhu_keys": "“道犹引导，谓先之也”；“政谓法制禁令”；“苟免刑罚而无所羞愧……为恶之心未尝忘也”；“格，至也”（一说“正也”）。",
   "others": "朱熹“政者为治之具，刑者辅治之法，德礼则所以出治之本……虽不可以偏废”。",
   "yikonglu_reading": "刑政让人远罪，德礼让人迁善；放到今天：摄像头坏了垃圾又回来。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "道，音导，下同；道犹引导，谓先之也；政谓法制禁令也；齐所以一之也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "24"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "道之而不从者，有刑以一之也；免而无耻，谓苟免刑罚而无所羞愧，盖虽不敢为恶，而为恶之心未尝忘也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "24"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "礼谓制度品节也；格，至也；言躬行以率之，则民固有所观感而兴起矣，而其浅深厚薄之不一者，又有礼以一之，则民耻于不善，而又有以至于善也；一说，格，正也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "25"
     ],
     "paraphrase": true
    },
    {
     "text": "愚谓政者为治之具，刑者辅治之法，德礼则所以出治之本，而德又礼之本也。此其相为终始，虽不可以偏废，然政刑能使民远罪而已，德礼之效，则有以使民日迁善而不自知",
     "source": "朱熹“愚谓”",
     "pages": [
      "25"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "道",
     "pos": "道之以政、道之以德",
     "du": "dǎo"
    },
    {
     "zi": "齐",
     "pos": "齐之以刑",
     "du": "qí"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "此章證為政以德所以勝也。",
    "scan_page": "63"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "2.4",
   "title": "吾十有五而志于学",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/wei-zheng/4.html",
   "text": "子曰：吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：我十五岁立志于学，三十岁能立得住，四十岁遇事不再疑惑，五十岁懂得天命，六十岁听到什么都能明白，七十岁随心所欲也不越出规矩。",
   "common_reading": "按年龄排的人生时间表。",
   "zhu_keys": "“心之所之谓之志”；“于事物之所当然，皆无所疑”（不惑）；“天命……事物所以当然之故”；“矩，法度之器”。",
   "others": "程子“圣人未必然，但为学者立法，使之盈科而后进”；朱熹愚谓“因其近似以自名”。",
   "yikonglu_reading": "不是到岁数自动发的证书，是一条学的路。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "古者十五而入大学；心之所之谓之志；有以自立，则守之固而无所事志矣；于事物之所当然，皆无所疑",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "25"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "天命，即天道之流行而赋于物者，乃事物所以当然之故也；声入心通，无所违逆",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "25"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "矩，法度之器，所以为方者也；安而行之，不勉而中也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "26"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "孔子生而知之也，言亦由学而至，所以勉进后人也",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "26"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "孔子自言其进德之序如此者，圣人未必然，但为学者立法，使之盈科而后进，成章而后达耳",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "26"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "愚谓圣人生知安行，固无积累之渐，然其心未尝自谓已至此也。是其日用之间，必有独觉其进而人不及知者。故因其近似以自名，欲学者以是为则而自勉",
     "source": "朱熹“愚谓”（前后转述）",
     "pages": [
      "26"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "有",
     "pos": "十有五",
     "du": "yòu"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "此章明孔子隱聖同凡，學有時節，自少迄老皆所以勸物也。",
    "scan_page": "65"
   }
  }
 ]
}