{
 "license": "CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/); 原文与古注为公版",
 "attribution": "一孔录 Yikonglu, https://yikonglu.com",
 "generated": "2026-11-03",
 "book": "论语",
 "pian": "学而",
 "chapters": [
  {
   "chapter": "1.1",
   "title": "学而时习之",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/1.html",
   "text": "子曰：学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：学而时习之，不亦说乎？",
    "有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？",
    "人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：学了，时时拿出来练、拿出来照着做，不也高兴吗？有志同道合的人从远方来，不也快乐吗？别人不了解我，我也不怨恨，不也是君子吗？",
   "common_reading": "学了要按时复习。",
   "zhu_keys": "“学之为言效也”（学是照着做）；“习，鸟数飞也”（小鸟一遍遍扑翅）；谢氏“时习者，无时而不习”（坐如尸、立如齐）。",
   "others": "程子也说“时复思绎”；复习说是很老的读法，朱熹把分量挪到身上。",
   "yikonglu_reading": "学了时时拿出来练、拿出来做；放到今天：教学视频看十遍是在看别的鸟飞。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "说，悦同",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "13"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "说在心，乐主发散在外",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "13"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "愠，含怒意",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "13"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "学之为言效也；人性皆善……复其初也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "13"
     ],
     "paraphrase": true
    },
    {
     "text": "习，鸟数飞也。学之不已，如鸟数飞也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "13"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "时习者，无时而不习。坐如尸，坐时习也；立如齐，立时习也",
     "source": "朱注引谢氏",
     "pages": [
      "13"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "习，重习也。时复思绎",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "13"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "学者，将以行之也",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "13"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "学在己，知不知在人，何愠之有",
     "source": "朱注引尹氏",
     "pages": [
      "13"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "及人而乐者顺而易，不知而不愠者逆而难",
     "source": "朱注“愚谓”",
     "pages": [
      "14"
     ],
     "paraphrase": true
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "说",
     "pos": "不亦说乎",
     "du": "yuè"
    },
    {
     "zi": "乐",
     "pos": "不亦乐乎",
     "du": "lè"
    },
    {
     "zi": "愠",
     "pos": "不愠",
     "du": "yùn"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云子曰者，子者指於孔子也。",
    "scan_page": "30"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.2",
   "title": "孝弟为仁之本",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/2.html",
   "text": "有子曰：其为人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鲜矣；不好犯上，而好作乱者，未之有也。君子务本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其为仁之本与！",
   "sentences": [
    "有子曰：其为人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鲜矣；不好犯上，而好作乱者，未之有也。",
    "君子务本，本立而道生。",
    "孝弟也者，其为仁之本与！"
   ],
   "baihua": "有子说：为人孝顺父母、敬爱兄长，却喜欢冒犯上级的，很少；不喜欢冒犯上级，却喜欢作乱的，从来没有。君子在根本上用力，根本立住了，道就由此生出来。孝顺父母、敬爱兄长，大概就是行仁的起点吧！",
   "common_reading": "孝弟是仁的根本。",
   "zhu_keys": "“为仁，犹曰行仁”；程子“谓之行仁之本则可，谓是仁之本则不可”；“与者，疑辞，谦退不敢质言也”。",
   "others": "",
   "yikonglu_reading": "孝弟是行仁的起点；放到今天：网上关爱陌生人、回家对父母没耐心，是从远处起了头。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "有子，名若",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "14"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "善事父母为孝，善事兄长为弟；鲜，少也；务，专力也；本，犹根也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "14"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "其心和顺",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "14"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "为仁，犹曰行仁",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "14"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "谓之行仁之本则可，谓是仁之本则不可",
     "source": "朱注引程子（答或问）",
     "pages": [
      "15"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "仁是性也，孝弟是用也；仁主于爱，爱莫大于爱亲",
     "source": "同上",
     "pages": [
      "15"
     ],
     "paraphrase": true
    },
    {
     "text": "与者，疑辞，谦退不敢质言也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "14"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "弟",
     "pos": "孝弟",
     "du": "tì"
    },
    {
     "zi": "好",
     "pos": "好犯上、好作乱",
     "du": "hào"
    },
    {
     "zi": "与",
     "pos": "为仁之本与",
     "du": "yú"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云有子曰其為人也孝悌者，其，其孝悌者也。",
    "scan_page": "35"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.3",
   "title": "巧言令色",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/3.html",
   "text": "子曰：巧言令色，鲜矣仁！",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：巧言令色，鲜矣仁！"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：话说得讨巧，脸色装得和善，只为讨人喜欢，这样的人很少有仁德。",
   "common_reading": "话说得好听、脸色好看就是坏人。",
   "zhu_keys": "“巧，好；令，善也”（字面都是好东西）；毛病在“致饰于外，务以悦人”；“圣人辞不迫切，专言鲜，则绝无可知”。",
   "others": "",
   "yikonglu_reading": "看他这样做是为把事做成，还是只为让人喜欢。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "巧，好；令，善也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "15"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "致饰于外，务以悦人；人欲肆而本心之德亡矣",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "15"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "心之德（1.2 朱注“仁者，爱之理，心之德也”）",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "14"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "圣人辞不迫切，专言鲜，则绝无可知",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "15"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "令",
     "pos": "令色",
     "du": "lìng"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "巧言者，便辟其言語也。",
    "scan_page": "37"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.4",
   "title": "吾日三省吾身",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/4.html",
   "text": "曾子曰：吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？",
   "sentences": [
    "曾子曰：吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？",
    "与朋友交而不信乎？",
    "传不习乎？"
   ],
   "baihua": "曾子说：我每天从三件事上反省自己：替人办事，有没有尽心尽力？和朋友交往，有没有不实在？老师传授的，有没有熟习于自己？",
   "common_reading": "每天多次反省；“忠”是对人忠心。",
   "zhu_keys": "“尽己之谓忠，以实之谓信”；“传谓受之于师，习谓熟之于己”；“三者之序，以忠信为传习之本”。",
   "others": "何晏《集解》一说“传”是传给别人（问教）；杨伯峻读“三”为多次。",
   "yikonglu_reading": "替人办事有没有留一手；放到今天：同事托看方案，懒得指出毛病回“挺好的”。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "省，悉井反；为，去声；传，平声",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "15"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "曾子，孔子弟子，名参",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "15"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "尽己之谓忠，以实之谓信",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "15"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "传谓受之于师，习谓熟之于己",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "15"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "凡所传之事，得无素不讲习而传之",
     "source": "何晏《论语集解》所收不署名注",
     "pages": [],
     "paraphrase": true
    },
    {
     "text": "曾子以此三者日省其身，有则改之，无则加勉",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "15"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "杨伯峻把“三”释为多次",
     "source": "杨伯峻《论语译注》",
     "pages": [],
     "paraphrase": true
    },
    {
     "text": "而三者之序，则又以忠信为传习之本也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "15"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "曾子守约，故动必求诸身",
     "source": "朱注引尹氏",
     "pages": [
      "15"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "诸子之学，皆出于圣人，其后愈远而愈失其真。独曾子之学，专用心于内，故传之无弊，观于子思孟子可见矣",
     "source": "朱注引谢氏",
     "pages": [
      "15"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "省",
     "pos": "三省",
     "du": "xǐng"
    },
    {
     "zi": "为",
     "pos": "为人谋",
     "du": "wèi"
    },
    {
     "zi": "传",
     "pos": "传不习乎",
     "du": "chuán"
    },
    {
     "zi": "曾、参",
     "pos": "曾子、曾参",
     "du": "zēng、shēn"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云吾日三省吾身者，省，視也。",
    "scan_page": "38"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.5",
   "title": "道千乘之国",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/5.html",
   "text": "子曰：道千乘之国：敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民以时。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：道千乘之国：敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民以时。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：治理一个有千辆兵车的国家，办事要专心谨慎并且守信，节省用度并且爱护人，役使百姓要在农闲的时候。",
   "common_reading": "无明显误读；疑问是“治国就这五件太简单”。",
   "zhu_keys": "“道，治也”；“敬者，主一无适之谓”；“时，谓农隙之时”；杨时引《易》“节以制度，不伤财，不害民”。",
   "others": "",
   "yikonglu_reading": "程子“此言至浅……若推其极，尧舜之治亦不过此”；放到今天：小店老板兑现承诺、不乱花钱、不在忙时派私活。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "道，治也；千乘，诸侯之国，其地可出兵车千乘者也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "16"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "敬者，主一无适之谓；敬事而信者，敬其事而信于民也；时，谓农隙之时",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "16"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "上不敬则下慢，不信则下疑，下慢而疑，事不立矣",
     "source": "朱注引杨氏",
     "pages": [
      "16"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "易曰：节以制度，不伤财，不害民",
     "source": "朱注引杨氏引《易》",
     "pages": [
      "16"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "然使之不以其时，则力本者不获自尽，虽有爱人之心，而人不被其泽矣",
     "source": "同上",
     "pages": [
      "16"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "此言至浅，然当时诸侯果能此，亦足以治其国矣；此三言者，若推其极，尧舜之治亦不过此",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "16"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "道",
     "pos": "道千乘之国",
     "du": "dào"
    },
    {
     "zi": "乘",
     "pos": "千乘",
     "du": "shèng"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "此章明為諸侯治大國法也。",
    "scan_page": "40"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.6",
   "title": "弟子入则孝",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/6.html",
   "text": "子曰：弟子入则孝，出则弟，谨而信，汎爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，则以学文。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：弟子入则孝，出则弟，谨而信，汎爱众，而亲仁。",
    "行有余力，则以学文。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：年轻人在家孝顺父母，出门敬爱兄长，做事谨慎、说话守信，广泛地爱众人，亲近有仁德的人。做到这些还有余力，就去学诗书六艺。",
   "common_reading": "读书排最后、可有可无。",
   "zhu_keys": "“文，谓诗书六艺之文”；“余力，犹言暇日”。",
   "others": "程子、尹焞重本轻末；洪兴祖“文灭其质”“质胜而野”往回拉；朱熹“无以考圣贤之成法……所行或出于私意”。",
   "yikonglu_reading": "说的是先后，不是取舍；放到今天：能干不读书的人，错了没处对照。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "弟子之弟，上声；则弟之弟，去声；汎，广也；亲，近也；仁，谓仁者；余力，犹言暇日",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "17"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "文，谓诗书六艺之文",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "17"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "为弟子之职，力有余则学文，不修其职而先文，非为己之学也",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "17"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "德行，本也。文艺，末也",
     "source": "朱注引尹氏",
     "pages": [
      "17"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "未有余力而学文，则文灭其质；有余力而不学文，则质胜而野",
     "source": "朱注引洪氏",
     "pages": [
      "17"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "力行而不学文，则无以考圣贤之成法，识事理之当然，而所行或出于私意",
     "source": "朱熹“愚谓”",
     "pages": [
      "17"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "弟",
     "pos": "出则弟",
     "du": "tì"
    },
    {
     "zi": "弟",
     "pos": "弟子",
     "du": "dì"
    },
    {
     "zi": "汎",
     "pos": "汎爱众",
     "du": "fàn"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云弟子入則孝出則悌者，弟子猶子弟也。",
    "scan_page": "44"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.7",
   "title": "贤贤易色",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/7.html",
   "text": "子夏曰：贤贤易色，事父母能竭其力，事君能致其身，与朋友交言而有信。虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。",
   "sentences": [
    "子夏曰：贤贤易色，事父母能竭其力，事君能致其身，与朋友交言而有信。",
    "虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。"
   ],
   "baihua": "子夏说：尊重贤人，把好色的心换成好贤的心；侍奉父母能尽力，侍奉君主能不顾自身，和朋友交往说话守信。这样的人，即使说没念过书，我也一定说他学过了。",
   "common_reading": "网上几种并存（重德轻色；娶妻重德）。",
   "zhu_keys": "“贤人之贤，而易其好色之心，好善有诚也”；“致，犹委也……不有其身”。",
   "others": "杨伯峻读作夫妇一伦，四伦齐全；吴棫批子夏“其流之弊，将或至于废学”。",
   "yikonglu_reading": "没读书而做得到的人，子夏说他学过了；放到今天：没念几年书的长辈。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "子夏，孔子弟子，姓卜，名商",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "17"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "贤人之贤，而易其好色之心，好善有诚也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "17"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "对妻子重品德、不重容貌",
     "source": "杨伯峻《论语译注》",
     "pages": [],
     "paraphrase": true
    },
    {
     "text": "致，犹委也。委致其身，谓不有其身也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "17"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "四者皆人伦之大者……学求如是而已；苟非生质之美，必其务学之至；虽或以为未尝为学，我必谓之已学也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "17"
     ],
     "paraphrase": true
    },
    {
     "text": "三代之学，皆所以明人伦也",
     "source": "朱注引游氏",
     "pages": [
      "17"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "子夏之言，其意善矣。然辞气之间，抑扬太过，其流之弊，将或至于废学。必若上章夫子之言，然后为无弊也",
     "source": "朱注引吴氏",
     "pages": [
      "18"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "易",
     "pos": "贤贤易色",
     "du": "yì"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云賢賢易色者，凡人之情莫不好色而不好賢。",
    "scan_page": "46"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.8",
   "title": "君子不重则不威",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/8.html",
   "text": "子曰：君子不重则不威，学则不固。主忠信。无友不如己者。过则勿惮改。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：君子不重则不威，学则不固。",
    "主忠信。",
    "无友不如己者。",
    "过则勿惮改。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：君子不厚重就没有威严，学了也不牢固。要以忠信为主。不要和不如自己的人交朋友。有了过错，不要怕改。",
   "common_reading": "交朋友要挑比自己强的（势利）。",
   "zhu_keys": "“无、毋通，禁止辞”；“友所以辅仁，不如己，则无益而有损”；“惮，畏难也”。",
   "others": "游酢四句串成一线：厚重为底—学—忠信—以胜己者辅之—过则勿惮改，不改则贤人不告。",
   "yikonglu_reading": "朱熹照字面讲，不替它绕弯；放到今天：肯当面指错的那个人说两回你不改，第三回就不说了。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "重，厚重。威，威严。固，坚固也。轻乎外者，必不能坚乎内",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "18"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "人不忠信，则事皆无实",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "18"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "不诚则无物",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "18"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "无、毋通，禁止辞也。友所以辅仁，不如己，则无益而有损",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "18"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "惮，畏难也。自治不勇，则恶日长",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "18"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "学问之道无他也，知其不善，则速改以从善而已",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "18"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "重",
     "pos": "不重则不威",
     "du": "zhòng"
    },
    {
     "zi": "无",
     "pos": "无友不如己者",
     "du": "wú"
    },
    {
     "zi": "惮",
     "pos": "勿惮改",
     "du": "dàn"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云君子不重則不威者，重為輕根，靜為躁本。",
    "scan_page": "47"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.9",
   "title": "慎终追远",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/9.html",
   "text": "曾子曰：慎终追远，民德归厚矣。",
   "sentences": [
    "曾子曰：慎终追远，民德归厚矣。"
   ],
   "baihua": "曾子说：父母去世时慎重地办好丧礼，对久远的祖先诚心祭祀，百姓的德行就会归于厚道。",
   "common_reading": "做事有始有终。",
   "zhu_keys": "“慎终者，丧尽其礼；追远者，祭尽其诚”；“终者人之所易忽，远者人之所易忘……厚之道也”。",
   "others": "",
   "yikonglu_reading": "在容易忽略、容易忘的地方用心；放到今天：开两百公里去墓前站十分钟。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "慎终者，丧尽其礼。追远者，祭尽其诚。民德归厚，谓下民化之，其德亦归于厚",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "19"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "终者，人之所易忽也，而能谨之；远者，人之所易忘也，而能追之：厚之道也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "19"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "明人君德也。",
    "scan_page": "49"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.10",
   "title": "夫子至于是邦",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/10.html",
   "text": "子禽问于子贡曰：夫子至于是邦也，必闻其政，求之与？抑与之与？子贡曰：夫子温良恭俭让以得之。夫子之求之也，其诸异乎人之求之与？",
   "sentences": [
    "子禽问于子贡曰：夫子至于是邦也，必闻其政，求之与？",
    "抑与之与？",
    "子贡曰：夫子温良恭俭让以得之。",
    "夫子之求之也，其诸异乎人之求之与？"
   ],
   "baihua": "子禽问子贡：老师每到一个国家，必定听得到那里的政事，是他去求来的呢，还是人家主动告诉他的呢？子贡说：老师是靠温和、善良、恭敬、节制、谦让得来的。老师求的方式，大概和别人求的不一样吧？",
   "common_reading": "",
   "zhu_keys": "温良恭俭让逐字训（“良，易直也”）；“夫子未尝求之，但其德容如是，故时君敬信，自以其政就而问之耳”。",
   "others": "张栻：人人愿听，却无人肯用，“私欲害之，是以终不能用耳”。",
   "yikonglu_reading": "上门来问不等于把事交给他。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "子禽，姓陈，名亢。子贡，姓端木，名赐。皆孔子弟子。或曰：亢，子贡弟子。未知孰是。抑，反语辞",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "19"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "温，和厚也。良，易直也。恭，庄敬也。俭，节制也。让，谦逊也。五者，夫子之盛德光辉接于人者也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "19"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "言夫子未尝求之，但其德容如是，故时君敬信，自以其政就而问之耳",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "19"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "夫子至是邦必闻其政，而未有能委国而授之以政者……私欲害之，是以终不能用耳",
     "source": "朱注引张敬夫",
     "pages": [
      "20"
     ],
     "paraphrase": true
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "与",
     "pos": "求之与、抑与之与、异乎人之求之与",
     "du": "句末 yú；“抑与之”的与 yǔ"
    },
    {
     "zi": "夫",
     "pos": "夫子",
     "du": "fū"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云子禽問云云者，是此也。",
    "scan_page": "51"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.11",
   "title": "父在观其志",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/11.html",
   "text": "子曰：父在，观其志；父没，观其行；三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：父在，观其志；父没，观其行；三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：父亲在世时，看儿子的志向；父亲去世后，看儿子的行为；三年里不急着改父亲的做法，可以算孝了。",
   "common_reading": "父亲错了也三年不改。",
   "zhu_keys": "“父在，子不得自专，而志则可知；父没，然后其行可见”。",
   "others": "尹焞“如其道，虽终身无改可也；如其非道，何待三年”；游酢“在所当改而可以未改者耳”。",
   "yikonglu_reading": "错的当下改，能缓的缓一缓，是给不忍留的时间；放到今天：父亲留下的小厂。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "行，去声",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "20"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "父在，子不得自专，而志则可知。父没，然后其行可见。故观此足以知其人之善恶。然又必能三年无改于父之道，乃见其孝",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "20"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "如其道，虽终身无改可也。如其非道，何待三年。然则三年无改者，孝子之心有所不忍故也",
     "source": "朱注引尹氏",
     "pages": [
      "20"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "三年无改，亦谓在所当改而可以未改者耳",
     "source": "朱注引游氏",
     "pages": [
      "20"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "行",
     "pos": "观其行",
     "du": "xìng"
    },
    {
     "zi": "没",
     "pos": "父没",
     "du": "mò"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云父在觀其志父沒觀其行者，此明人子之行也。",
    "scan_page": "53"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.12",
   "title": "礼之用，和为贵",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/12.html",
   "text": "有子曰：礼之用，和为贵。先王之道，斯为美，小大由之。有所不行，知和而和，不以礼节之，亦不可行也。",
   "sentences": [
    "有子曰：礼之用，和为贵。",
    "先王之道，斯为美，小大由之。",
    "有所不行，知和而和，不以礼节之，亦不可行也。"
   ],
   "baihua": "有子说：礼的运用，以从容不迫为可贵。古代圣王的道，好就好在这里，小事大事都照着做。但也有行不通的时候：只知道求和而一味地和，不用礼来节制，也是行不通的。",
   "common_reading": "以和为贵，凡事别争。",
   "zhu_keys": "“礼者，天理之节文，人事之仪则也”；“和者，从容不迫之意”（不是和气）；朱熹“严而泰，和而节”。",
   "others": "程子“礼胜则离，乐胜则流”；范祖禹“礼之体主于敬，其用以和为贵”。",
   "yikonglu_reading": "光讲和、不以礼节之，也行不通；放到今天：只说“挺好的”的小组。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "礼者，天理之节文，人事之仪则也。和者，从容不迫之意",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "20"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "盖礼之为体虽严，然皆出于自然之理，故其为用，必从容而不迫，乃为可贵。先王之道，此其所以为美，而小事大事无不由之也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "20"
     ],
     "paraphrase": true
    },
    {
     "text": "承上文而言……以其徒知和之为贵，而一于和，不复以礼节之……所以流荡忘反，而亦不可行也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "21"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "礼胜则离……乐胜则流",
     "source": "朱注引程子",
     "pages": [
      "21"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "凡礼之体主于敬，而其用则以和为贵",
     "source": "朱注引范氏",
     "pages": [
      "21"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "严而泰，和而节，此理之自然，礼之全体也。毫厘有差，则失其中正，而各倚于一偏，其不可行均矣",
     "source": "朱熹“愚谓”",
     "pages": [
      "21"
     ],
     "paraphrase": true
    }
   ],
   "readings": [],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云禮之用和為貴者，此以下明人君行化必禮樂相須。",
    "scan_page": "54"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.13",
   "title": "信近于义",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/13.html",
   "text": "有子曰：信近于义，言可复也；恭近于礼，远耻辱也；因不失其亲，亦可宗也。",
   "sentences": [
    "有子曰：信近于义，言可复也；恭近于礼，远耻辱也；因不失其亲，亦可宗也。"
   ],
   "baihua": "有子说：约定合乎道义，说过的话才能兑现；恭敬合乎礼，才能远离耻辱；所依靠的人不失为可亲近的人，也就可以一直尊奉他。",
   "common_reading": "",
   "zhu_keys": "“信，约信也”；“义者，事之宜也”；“复，践言也”；“皆当谨之于始而虑其所终”。",
   "others": "",
   "yikonglu_reading": "功夫在答应之前；放到今天：半夜一口答应借钱。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "信，约信也。义者，事之宜也。复，践言也。恭，致敬也。因，犹依也。宗，犹主也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "21"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "言约信而合其宜，则言必可践矣。致恭而中其节，则能远耻辱矣。所依者不失其可亲之人，则亦可以宗而主之矣",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "21"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "此言人之言行交际，皆当谨之于始而虑其所终，不然，则因仍苟且之间，将有不胜其自失之悔者矣",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "21"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "近",
     "pos": "信近于义、恭近于礼",
     "du": "jìn"
    },
    {
     "zi": "复",
     "pos": "言可复也",
     "du": "fù"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云信近於義言可復也者，信，不欺也。",
    "scan_page": "55"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.14",
   "title": "君子食无求饱",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/14.html",
   "text": "子曰：君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，可谓好学也已。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，可谓好学也已。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：君子吃饭不求饱，居住不求安逸，做事勤快、说话谨慎，到有道的人那里去端正自己的是非，可以说是好学了。",
   "common_reading": "",
   "zhu_keys": "“志有在而不暇及也”；“敏于事者，勉其所不足”；“必就有道之人，以正其是非”。",
   "others": "尹焞举杨墨“学仁义而差者也”。",
   "yikonglu_reading": "不是故意饿着，是顾不上。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "好，去声",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "22"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "不求安饱者，志有在而不暇及也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "22"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "敏于事者，勉其所不足。慎于言者，不敢尽其所有余也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "22"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "然犹不敢自是，而必就有道之人，以正其是非",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "22"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "然不取正于有道，未免有差，如杨墨学仁义而差者也，其流至于无父无君",
     "source": "朱注引尹氏",
     "pages": [
      "22"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "好",
     "pos": "好学、好礼",
     "du": "hào"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云君子食無求飽居無求安者，此勸人學也。",
    "scan_page": "57"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.15",
   "title": "贫而无谄",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/15.html",
   "text": "子贡曰：贫而无谄，富而无骄，何如？子曰：可也。未若贫而乐，富而好礼者也。子贡曰：诗云：如切如磋，如琢如磨，其斯之谓与？子曰：赐也，始可与言诗已矣！告诸往而知来者。",
   "sentences": [
    "子贡曰：贫而无谄，富而无骄，何如？",
    "子曰：可也。",
    "未若贫而乐，富而好礼者也。",
    "子贡曰：诗云：如切如磋，如琢如磨，其斯之谓与？",
    "子曰：赐也，始可与言诗已矣！",
    "告诸往而知来者。"
   ],
   "baihua": "子贡说：贫穷而不巴结，富有而不骄傲，怎么样？孔子说：还可以。不如贫穷而快乐、富有而好礼的人。子贡说：《诗》里说“像切磋骨角，像琢磨玉石”，说的就是这个意思吧？孔子说：赐呀，现在可以和你谈《诗》了！告诉你已经说过的，你就能知道还没说的。",
   "common_reading": "（标题问）“可也”是夸还是不满。",
   "zhu_keys": "“凡曰可者，仅可而有所未尽之辞也”；“未能超乎贫富之外”；“子贡货殖，盖先贫后富”；“许其所已能，而勉其所未至”。",
   "others": "",
   "yikonglu_reading": "已做到的认下，再往前推一步；放到今天：从租房到买房不低头不摆阔，孔子会说“可也”。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "谄，卑屈也。骄，矜肆也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "22"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "凡曰可者，仅可而有所未尽之辞也；无谄无骄，则知自守矣，而未能超乎贫富之外也；乐则心广体胖而忘其贫，好礼则安处善，乐循理，亦不自知其富矣",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "22"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "子贡货殖，盖先贫后富，而尝用力于自守者，故以此为问。而夫子答之如此，盖许其所已能，而勉其所未至也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "22"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "诗卫风淇澳之篇；言治骨角者，既切之而复磋之；治玉石者，既琢之而复磨之；治之已精，而益求其精也",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "23"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "往者，其所已言者。来者，其所未言者",
     "source": "朱注",
     "pages": [
      "23"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    },
    {
     "text": "不切则磋无所施，不琢则磨无所措。故学者虽不可安于小成，而不求造道之极致；亦不可骛于虚远，而不察切己之实病也",
     "source": "朱熹“愚按”",
     "pages": [
      "23"
     ],
     "paraphrase": true
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "好",
     "pos": "好学、好礼",
     "du": "hào"
    },
    {
     "zi": "谄",
     "pos": "无谄",
     "du": "chǎn"
    },
    {
     "zi": "乐",
     "pos": "贫而乐",
     "du": "lè"
    },
    {
     "zi": "磋",
     "pos": "如切如磋",
     "du": "cuō"
    },
    {
     "zi": "琢",
     "pos": "如琢如磨",
     "du": "zhuó"
    },
    {
     "zi": "与",
     "pos": "其斯之谓与",
     "du": "yú"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "云貧而無諂者，乏財曰貧。",
    "scan_page": "59"
   }
  },
  {
   "chapter": "1.16",
   "title": "不患人之不己知",
   "url": "https://yikonglu.com/lunyu/xue-er/16.html",
   "text": "子曰：不患人之不己知，患不知人也。",
   "sentences": [
    "子曰：不患人之不己知，患不知人也。"
   ],
   "baihua": "孔子说：不担心别人不了解我，担心的是我不了解别人。",
   "common_reading": "",
   "zhu_keys": "尹焞“君子求在我者”；“不知人，则是非邪正或不能辨”。",
   "others": "",
   "yikonglu_reading": "篇首“人不知而不愠”与篇末首尾相合。",
   "citations": [
    {
     "text": "君子求在我者，故不患人之不己知。不知人，则是非邪正或不能辨，故以为患也",
     "source": "朱注引尹氏",
     "pages": [
      "23"
     ],
     "paraphrase": false
    }
   ],
   "readings": [
    {
     "zi": "己",
     "pos": "不己知",
     "du": "jǐ"
    }
   ],
   "huangkan_first_line": {
    "text": "世人多言己有才而不為人所知，故孔子解抑之也。",
    "scan_page": "61"
   }
  }
 ]
}