一孔录子夏问孝。子曰：色难。有事，弟子服其劳；有酒食，先生馔，曾是以为孝乎？Tap any sentence of the original to copy it with its source.
常The common reading
（标题问）难的是谁的脸色。
注Key words in the commentary
“惟色为难”；“深爱者必有和气，和气者必有愉色，愉色者必有婉容”；“先生，父兄也”。
家What other commentators say
旧说“承顺父母之色为难，亦通”；朱熹据下文定在子女脸上。程子总结四问孝“各因其材之高下，与其所失而告之”。
读How Yikonglu reads it
活都干了，脸色没到。
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · Zhibuzu Zhai edition · juan 一
“云子夏問孝者，亦問行孝法也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | differs | 钱反对由四次不同答语推测问者各有缺点，认为或因问语记载从略；朱引程子按各人所失解释。 | |
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | 先生 | word sense | 杨主取年长者，另记父兄说亦通；朱直接指父兄。色难主解相同。 |
核Check every citation
Every commentary line quoted in the video: the original wording, who said it, and the page in the base edition. “Paraphrase” marks our summary, not the commentator's words. About this edition
| Quoted text | Source | Page |
|---|---|---|
| “食，音嗣；食，饭也；先生，父兄也；馔，饮食之也；曾，犹尝也” | Zhu Xi's commentary | page 28 |
| “色难，谓事亲之际，惟色为难也；盖孝子之有深爱者，必有和气；有和气者，必有愉色；有愉色者，必有婉容；故事亲之际，惟色为难耳，服劳奉养未足为孝也” | Zhu Xi's commentary | page 28 |
| “旧说，承顺父母之色为难，亦通” | Zhu Xi's commentary | page 28 |
| “告懿子，告众人者也。告武伯者，以其人多可忧之事。子游能养，而或失于敬。子夏能直义，而或少温润之色。各因其材之高下，与其所失而告之，故不同也” | Cheng Yi, quoted by Zhu Xi | page 28 |
音Pronunciation
| Character | In the line | Read as |
|---|---|---|
| 食 | 有酒食 | sì |
| 馔 | 先生馔 | zhuàn |
| 曾 | 曾是以为孝乎 | céng |
页Pages of the base edition
Yikonglu, Analects Wei zheng (Book 2) 2.8 “子夏问孝（色难）”, https://yikonglu.com/en/lunyu/wei-zheng/8.html, version 2026-11-04.Last checked: 2026-11-04. Changes are logged on theerrata page.
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