一孔录季康子问：使民敬、忠以劝，如之何？子曰：临之以庄则敬，孝慈则忠，举善而教不能则劝。Tap any sentence of the original to copy it with its source.
注Key words in the commentary
“庄，谓容貌端严”；朱熹逐句：临民以庄则民敬于己，孝慈则忠，举善教不能则劝。
家What other commentators say
张栻“此皆在我所当为，非为欲使民敬忠以劝而为之也”。
读How Yikonglu reads it
季康子问手段，孔子答本分；把本分当手段又走偏。
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · Zhibuzu Zhai edition · juan 一
“云季康子問云云者，季康子魯臣也。”……
杨伯峻《论语译注》Zhonghua Book Co. · modern, short quote
“你孝顺父母，慈爱幼小，他们也就会对你尽心竭力了；你提拔好人，教育能力弱的人，他们也就会劝勉了。”
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | differs | 钱主取在上者导民各孝其老、慈其幼；朱为在上者孝亲慈众。 | |
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | same | 孝慈主体均为在上者，以身教使民忠，区别于钱本使民各孝慈之解。 |
核Check every citation
Every commentary line quoted in the video: the original wording, who said it, and the page in the base edition. “Paraphrase” marks our summary, not the commentator's words. About this edition
| Quoted text | Source | Page |
|---|---|---|
| “季康子，鲁大夫季孙氏，名肥。庄，谓容貌端严也。临民以庄，则民敬于己。孝于亲，慈于众，则民忠于己。善者举之而不能者教之，则民有所劝而乐于为善” | Zhu Xi's commentary | page 32 |
| “此皆在我所当为，非为欲使民敬忠以劝而为之也。然能如是，则其应盖有不期然而然者矣” | Zhang Shi, quoted by Zhu Xi | page 33 |
页Pages of the base edition
Yikonglu, Analects Wei zheng (Book 2) 2.20 “临之以庄则敬”, https://yikonglu.com/en/lunyu/wei-zheng/20.html, version 2026-11-04.Last checked: 2026-11-04. Changes are logged on theerrata page.
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