一孔录子曰：学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？The Master said: To learn and, in season, to practise what you have learned — is that not a pleasure? To have friends come from afar — is that not a joy? To be unrecognised and yet not resentful — is that not what a gentleman is?
Tap any sentence of the original to copy it with its source.
白Plain Chinese
孔子说：学了，时时拿出来练、拿出来照着做，不也高兴吗？有志同道合的人从远方来，不也快乐吗？别人不了解我，我也不怨恨，不也是君子吗？
A plain modern-Chinese rendering following Yikonglu's reading.
常The common reading
You learned it, so review it on schedule.
注Key words in the commentary
“学之为言效也” — to learn is to imitate, to do as someone else does; “习，鸟数飞也” — xi is a fledgling beating its wings again and again; Xie Liangzuo: “时习者，无时而不习” — practising in season means there is no moment one is not practising (sitting like a corpse at a sacrifice, standing as if at a fast).
家What other commentators say
Cheng Yi also says “时复思绎”, to go over it in one's mind again and again; so the “review” reading is very old. Zhu Xi shifts the weight from the head to the body.
读How Yikonglu reads it
What you learned, keep taking out to practise and to do. Today: watching the tutorial ten times is watching another bird fly.
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · Zhibuzu Zhai edition · juan 一
“云子曰者，子者指於孔子也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | 时 | word sense | fairly sure | 杨取按一定时间实习；朱注强调时时重习。 |
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | adds | fairly sure | 钱把三节配理想学者终身进程并联系孔子生平；朱也论悦、乐、成德递进，未作相同年龄配属。 |
核Check every citation
Every commentary line quoted in the video: the original wording, who said it, and the page in the base edition. “Paraphrase” marks our summary, not the commentator's words. About this edition
| Quoted text | Source | Page |
|---|---|---|
| “说，悦同” | Zhu Xi's commentary | page 13 |
| “说在心，乐主发散在外” | Cheng Yi, quoted by Zhu Xi | page 13 |
| “愠，含怒意” | Zhu Xi's commentary | page 13 |
| paraphrase学之为言效也；人性皆善……复其初也 | Zhu Xi's commentary | page 13 |
| “习，鸟数飞也。学之不已，如鸟数飞也” | Zhu Xi's commentary | page 13 |
| “时习者，无时而不习。坐如尸，坐时习也；立如齐，立时习也” | Xie Liangzuo, quoted by Zhu Xi | page 13 |
| “习，重习也。时复思绎” | Cheng Yi, quoted by Zhu Xi | page 13 |
| “学者，将以行之也” | Cheng Yi, quoted by Zhu Xi | page 13 |
| “学在己，知不知在人，何愠之有” | Yin Tun, quoted by Zhu Xi | page 13 |
| paraphrase及人而乐者顺而易，不知而不愠者逆而难 | 朱注“愚谓” | page 14 |
音Pronunciation
| Character | In the line | Read as |
|---|---|---|
| 说 | 不亦说乎 | yuè |
| 乐 | 不亦乐乎 | lè |
| 愠 | 不愠 | yùn |
页Pages of the base edition
Yikonglu, Analects Xue er (Book 1) 1.1 “Learning and practising it in season”, https://yikonglu.com/en/lunyu/xue-er/1.html, version 2026-11-04.Last checked: 2026-11-04. Changes are logged on theerrata page.
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