一孔录子曰：夷狄之有君，不如诸夏之亡也。The Master said: The Yi and Di with rulers are not like the Xia states without them.
Tap any sentence of the original to copy it with its source.
常The common reading
Contempt for the barbarians.
注Key words in the commentary
“亡，古无字，通用” — wang is the old form of wu, “without” (Wu Yu).
家What other commentators say
Cheng Yi: “夷狄且有君长，不如诸夏之僭乱，反无上下之分也” — even the Yi and Di have rulers and chiefs, unlike the Xia states in their usurpation and disorder, with no distinction of high and low; Yin Tun: “亡，非实亡也，虽有之，不能尽其道尔” — “without” does not mean they truly lack rulers, but that they have them and do not fulfil the role.
读How Yikonglu reads it
The rebuke is aimed not at the Yi and Di but at his own people. Today: an old family firm where each branch keeps its own books.
核Check every citation
Every commentary line quoted in the video: the original wording, who said it, and the page in the base edition. “Paraphrase” marks our summary, not the commentator's words. About this edition
| Quoted text | Source | Page |
|---|---|---|
| “亡，古无字，通用” | Wu Yu, quoted by Zhu Xi | page 39 |
| “夷狄且有君长，不如诸夏之僭乱，反无上下之分也” | Cheng Yi, quoted by Zhu Xi | page 39 |
| “孔子伤时之乱而叹之也。亡，非实亡也，虽有之，不能尽其道尔” | Yin Tun, quoted by Zhu Xi | page 39 |
音Pronunciation
| Character | In the line | Read as |
|---|---|---|
| 亡 | 诸夏之亡也 | wú |
页Pages of the base edition
Yikonglu, Analects Ba yi (Book 3) 3.5 “The Yi and Di have rulers”, https://yikonglu.com/en/lunyu/ba-yi/5.html, version 2026-11-04.Last checked: 2026-11-04. Changes are logged on theerrata page.
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