一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
孔子曰：益者三樂，損者三樂。樂節禮樂，樂道人之善，樂多賢友，益矣。樂驕樂，樂佚遊，樂宴樂，損矣。Confucius said: There are three kinds of enjoyment that help and three that harm. Enjoying the regulation of ritual and music, enjoying speaking of others' good points, enjoying having many worthy friends — they help. Enjoying arrogant pleasures, enjoying idle wandering, enjoying feasting — they harm.
What this chapter says
一孔按：有益的爱好三种：以礼乐节制自己、乐于称道别人的好、乐于多交贤友；有害的三种：骄纵、游荡、宴饮。从一个人乐什么，能看出他往损还是往益走。常有人问：“益者三乐，损者三乐”，从一个人喜欢什么能看出他往哪走吗？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
孔子说，有益的爱好有三种，有害的爱好也有三种，喜爱辨明礼乐的节度、称道人家的善行、多交贤友，有益，喜爱骄纵享乐、闲游无度、宴饮取乐，有害。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
看Watch this chapter
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Connections
- Same line elsewhere
- Analects 16.4 益者三友，損者三友。友直，友……
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
“益者三乐，损者三乐”，从一个人喜欢什么能看出他往哪走吗？
注Key words in the commentary
节，谓辨其制度声容之节。骄乐，则侈肆而不知节。佚游，则惰慢而恶闻善。宴乐，则淫溺而狎小人。三者损益，亦相反也。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 乐骄乐，乐佚游， | “节，谓辨其制度声容之节。骄乐，则侈肆而不知节。佚游，则惰慢而恶闻善。宴乐，则淫溺而狎小人。三者损益，亦相反也。” | page 225 |
| 乐骄乐，乐佚游， | “君子之于好乐，可不谨哉！” | page 225 |
见Cross-references
- 孔子曰：益者三乐 Elsewhere in the Analects：孔子曰：益者三友，损者三友。（《论语》集注分章16.4（底本第 224 页））
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 八
“云益者三樂者，謂以心中有所愛樂有三事為益者也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | 节礼乐 | word sense | settled | 杨译得到礼乐调节，朱为辨制度声容之节；乐善乐贤与骄佚宴的取舍相同，第一乐的主宾落实不同。 |
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | 节礼乐 | nuance | fairly sure | 钱以得其中和、节制为乐，朱以辨制度声容之节；均不取骄侈佚游宴乐为有益之好。 |
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