一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
邦君之妻，君稱之曰夫人，夫人自稱曰小童；邦人稱之曰君夫人，稱諸異邦曰寡小君；異邦人稱之亦曰君夫人。The wife of a ruler of a state: the ruler calls her 'Lady'; she calls herself 'little child'; the people of the state call her 'the ruler's Lady'; speaking of her to other states, they call her 'our little ruler'; people of other states also call her 'the ruler's Lady'.
What this chapter says
一孔按：国君之妻，国君称她夫人，她自称小童，国人称君夫人，对外国称寡小君，外国人也称君夫人。称谓各有其名，朱注引吴氏说不知是孔子说的还是古来如此，已不可考。常有人问：“邦君之妻”一章没有“子曰”，为什么会记在《论语》里？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
国君称自己的妻子为夫人，夫人自称小童，本国人称她为君夫人，向外国人提起她称寡小君，外国人也称她为君夫人。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
看Watch this chapter
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Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
“邦君之妻”一章没有“子曰”，为什么会记在《论语》里？
注Key words in the commentary
寡，寡德，谦辞。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 邦君之妻，君称之 | “寡，寡德，谦辞。” | page 229 |
| 邦君之妻，君称之 | “凡语中所载如此类者，不知何谓。或古有之，或夫子尝言之，不可考也。” | page 229 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 八
“云當時禮亂，稱謂不明，故孔子正之也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | same | uncertain | 称谓同解；语者杨倾孔子语遗子曰且反对后添，朱记古语或夫子说均不可考。不得把本条确定标孔子亲言。 | |
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | uncertain | 同认小童寡小君皆谦称、本章记礼称谓之意难考。钱并陈正嫡妾与简末附记说，朱明确不可考，不宜给编入原因定论。 |
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