一孔录What this chapter says
一孔按：上一集谁来都教，这一章讲怎么教：等学的人急到想通想说的时候再点；举一角推不出三角，就先不往下讲。今例：孩子一道题卡半小时，妈妈不递答案，只问卡在哪一步。常有人问“老师为什么要等你急”，上面是一孔录的回答。
白Plain Chinese
孔子说：学的人不是心里憋着想通而通不了，我不去开他的窍；不是话到嘴边又讲不明白，我不去替他点破。拿方桌的一角给他看，他不能由此推知其余三角，我也就不再重复了。
A plain modern-Chinese rendering following Yikonglu's reading.
看Watch this chapter
This chapter is read in Yikonglu episode “述而三”:YouTubeBilibili
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
老师为什么要等你急？
注Key words in the commentary
“愤者，心求通而未得之意。悱者，口欲言而未能之貌。启，谓开其意。发，谓达其辞”；“反者，还以相证之义。复，再告也”。
说What other commentators say
程子“愤悱，诚意之见于色辞者也。待其诚意而后告之。既告之，又必待其自得，乃复告尔”；“不待愤悱而发，则知之不能坚固”。朱注：上章言诲人不倦，因并记此，“欲学者勉于用力，以为受教之地也”。
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 四
“又明孔子教人法也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | same | settled | 愤为求通未得、悱为欲言未能，学生自求后启发；朱更明反为还以相证、复为再告。 | |
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | fairly sure | 同训愤为心求通未得、悱为口欲言未能，反为还相证，须学生先用力；非将不复教解为永久弃人。 |
核Check every citation
Every commentary line quoted in the video: the original wording, who said it, and the page in the base edition. “Paraphrase” marks our summary, not the commentator's words. About this edition
| Quoted text | Source | Page |
|---|---|---|
| “愤者，心求通而未得之意……发，谓达其辞” | Zhu Xi's commentary | page 94 |
| “物之有四隅者……以为受教之地也” | Zhu Xi's commentary | page 94 |
| “程子曰：愤悱……则沛然矣” | Cheng Yi, quoted by Zhu Xi | page 94 |
音Pronunciation
| Character | In the line | Read as |
|---|---|---|
| 愤 | 不愤、愤者、愤悱 | fèn |
| 悱 | 不悱、悱者 | fěi |
| 启 | 不启、启谓 | qǐ |
| 隅 | 一隅、三隅、四隅 | yú |
| 反 | 三隅反、反者 | fǎn |
| 复 | 不复也、复再告也、乃复告尔 | fù |
Yikonglu, Analects 述而第七 7.8 “不愤不启，不悱不发”, https://yikonglu.com/en/lunyu/shu-er/8.html, version 2026-11-15.Last checked: 2026-11-15. Changes are logged on theerrata page.
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