一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
子以四教：文、行、忠、信。The Master taught four things: culture, conduct, loyalty, and good faith.
What this chapter says
一孔按：孔子教四样：文、行、忠、信。学文是为了修行，修行是为了存忠信；忠信是根。常有人问：“子以四教：文、行、忠、信”，四样里哪样是根？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
孔子拿四样东西来教学生：典籍文献、实际行事、尽心忠诚、言而有信。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
看Watch this chapter
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Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
“子以四教：文、行、忠、信”，四样里哪样是根？
注Key words in the commentary
教人以学文脩行而存忠信也。忠信，本也。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 子以四教：文、行 | “教人以学文脩行而存忠信也。忠信，本也。” | page 101 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 四
“子為教但明此四事為首，故云子以四教也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | fairly sure | 同以学文修行存忠信为四教，忠信为本。钱以先代遗文为文、四教以行为主，朱此章以学文修行简述。 |
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