一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
陳司敗問：昭公知禮乎？孔子曰：知禮。孔子退，揖巫馬期而進之，曰：吾聞君子不黨，君子亦黨乎？君取於吳為同姓，謂之吳孟子。君而知禮，孰不知禮？巫馬期以告。子曰：丘也幸，苟有過，人必知之。The Minister of Crime of Chen asked whether Duke Zhao knew ritual. Confucius said: He knew ritual. After Confucius withdrew, the minister bowed Wuma Qi forward and said: I have heard that a gentleman is not partial; is a gentleman partial after all? Your lord married a woman of Wu of the same surname and called her Wu Mengzi. If your lord knew ritual, who does not know ritual? Wuma Qi reported this. The Master said: I am fortunate. If I make a mistake, others are sure to know it.
What this chapter says
一孔按：陈司败问昭公知礼否，孔子为君讳说知礼。后来被点破，孔子说：我真幸运，有错人家一定知道。不辩，认了，又不说君的坏话。常有人问：孔子为鲁昭公说“知礼”，被陈司败点破后又怎么说？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
陈国的司败官问：你们的昭公算得上知礼吗？孔子答：算得上。孔子出去后，司败向巫马期拱手，请他上前，说：我听说君子不护短，难道君子也护着自家人吗？昭公娶了吴国女子，同是姬姓，就改称她吴孟子。这样的国君都算知礼，还有谁不知礼？巫马期把这番话告诉孔子。孔子说：我孔丘有福气，一有过错，别人总能看出来。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
- Same line elsewhere
- Analects 3.22 管仲之器小哉！或曰：管仲儉乎……
- Analects 19.21 子貢曰：君子之過也，如日月之……
- People
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
孔子为鲁昭公说“知礼”，被陈司败点破后又怎么说？
注Key words in the commentary
陈，国名。司败，官名，即司寇也。昭公，鲁君，名裯。习于威仪之节，当时以为知礼。故司败以为问，而孔子答之如此。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 陈司败问：昭公知 | “陈，国名。司败，官名，即司寇也。昭公，鲁君，名裯。习于威仪之节，当时以为知礼。故司败以为问，而孔子答之如此。” | page 103 |
| 孔子退，揖巫马期 | “取，七住反。巫马，姓；期，字。孔子弟子，名施。司败揖而进之也。相助匿非曰党。礼不娶同姓，而鲁与吴皆姬姓。谓之吴孟子者，讳之，使若宋女子姓者然。” | page 103 |
| 子曰：丘也幸，苟 | “受以为过而不辞。” | page 103 |
| 子曰：丘也幸，苟 | “孔子不可自谓讳君之恶，又不可以娶同姓为知礼，故受以为过而不辞。” | page 103 |
| 子曰：丘也幸，苟 | “鲁盖夫子父母之国，昭公，鲁之先君也。司败又未尝显言其事，而遽以知礼为问，其对之宜如此也。及司败以为有党，而夫子受以为过，盖夫子之盛德，无所不可也。然其受以为过也，亦不正言其所以过，初若不知孟子之事者，可以为万世之法矣。” | page 103—104 |
见Cross-references
- 君而知礼，孰不知 Elsewhere in the Analects：管氏而知礼，孰不知礼？（《论语》集注分章3.22（底本第 47 页））
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 四
“云陳司敗問昭公知禮乎者，昭公，魯君也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | fairly sure | 同以为鲁君讳而未直斥同姓婚、又不拒受人规过。钱与朱对党、同姓吴女称孟子之避讳基本相同。 |
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