一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
堯曰：諮！爾舜！天之歷數在爾躬。允執其中。四海困窮，天祿永終。舜亦以命禹。曰：予小子履，敢用玄牡，敢昭告於皇皇后帝：有罪不敢赦。帝臣不蔽，簡在帝心。朕躬有罪，無以萬方；萬方有罪，罪在朕躬。周有大賚，善人是富。雖有周親，不如仁人。百姓有過，在予一人。謹權量，審法度，修廢官，四方之政行焉。興滅國，繼絕世，舉逸民，天下之民歸心焉。所重：民、食、喪、祭。寬則得眾，信則民任焉，敏則有功，公則說。Yao said: Ah, you, Shun! The succession ordained by Heaven rests in your person. Hold faithfully to the middle. If all within the four seas suffer hardship, Heaven's bounty will end forever. Shun likewise charged Yu with this. Tang said: I, the little one, Lü, dare to offer a black bull and dare to announce plainly to the most august Lord on High: the guilty I dare not pardon; your servants I will not conceal; the choice rests in your heart, O Lord. If I myself am guilty, let it not fall on the people of the myriad lands; if the people of the myriad lands are guilty, let the guilt rest on me. Zhou bestowed great gifts, and good men were enriched. 'Though I have close kin, they are not equal to humane men. If the people have faults, they rest on me alone.' He set weights and measures with care, examined the statutes, restored the offices that had lapsed, and government prevailed in all four quarters. He revived states that had been destroyed, restored lines that had been cut off, raised up men who had withdrawn, and the people of the realm gave him their hearts. What he gave weight to: the people, food, mourning, and sacrifice. Generosity wins the many; good faith earns the people's reliance; diligence brings results; fairness brings contentment.
白Plain Chinese
尧把帝位传给舜，嘱他诚守中道，百姓若陷困穷，天赐之位便会永远断绝，舜后来也这样告诫禹；汤以黑色牡牛告祭上帝，说有罪不敢赦免，贤臣不敢掩没，上帝自会察知，自己有罪不要牵连天下，天下有罪由自己承担，周朝大加赏赐，使善人富足，又说至亲不如仁人、百姓有过由自己一人负责。谨慎校正衡器量器，审定法制，恢复废置官职，四方政事便能推行，恢复被灭的国、延续断绝的世系、举用遗逸之人，天下百姓便归心，所重的是百姓、粮食、丧礼、祭祀，宽厚可得众，守信可得民任，勤敏可成事，公正可使人喜悦。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
- Same line elsewhere
- Analects 17.6 子張問仁於孔子。孔子曰：能行……
- Other books
- Cited by commentatorsDaodejing 29: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang's commentary uses “the succession ordained by Heaven rests on your person” (历数在躬), from Yao's words when handing the throne to Shun.
- Cited by commentatorsDaodejing 78: Lü Huiqing explains "One who takes on the state's disgrace is called lord of the altars" (受国之垢，是谓社稷主) by citing Tang's words: "If the myriad regions have sinned, the sin rests on my own person"…
- Cited by commentatorsDaodejing 80: Jiao Hong records Wang Pang's commentary: the Analects and the Mencius both close by invoking Yao, Shun, Yu and Tang, and Laozi ends with this chapter for the same purpose.
- People
Yao4 chaptersShun7 chaptersYu4 chaptersKing Wu of Zhou3 chaptersTang of Shang2 chapters
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
见Cross-references
- 天之历数在尔躬。 Commentary：历数，帝王相继之次第，犹岁时气节之先后也。（朱熹《论语集注》卷十·尧曰第1章（底本第 262—264 页））
- 宽则得众，信则民 Elsewhere in the Analects：恭则不侮，宽则得众，信则人任焉，敏则有功，惠则足以使人。（《论语》集注分章17.6（底本第 234 页））
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 十
“云堯曰者，古聖天子所言也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | differs | uncertain | 杨明章有脱漏分段译注，朱也称追述书语并议简缺；历数传位、罪责自任与宽信敏公同，不把各段当一次连续同人讲话。 | |
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | uncertain | 同汇尧舜禹汤周的政道与民事为末篇主题。钱从编集层与伪古文尚书辨来源、强留难考处；朱多以传世尚书互证。比较须分文本互见与先后真伪。 |
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