一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
子畏於匡。曰：文王既沒，文不在茲乎？天之將喪斯文也，後死者不得與於斯文也；天之未喪斯文也，匡人其如予何？The Master was in peril in Kuang. He said: Since King Wen is gone, is culture not here in me? If Heaven meant to destroy this culture, those who came after would not have shared in it. If Heaven does not mean to destroy this culture, what can the people of Kuang do to me?
What this chapter says
一孔按：孔子在匡被围，说文王死了，斯文就在我这里；天若不要它亡，匡人能把我怎样。他凭的是自己身上担着的文，不是自己的命。常有人问：孔子在匡被围，说“匡人其如予何”，他凭什么这样说？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
孔子在匡地遭到围困，心存戒惧。他说：周文王已经去世，礼乐文化不就在我这里吗？上天若要灭绝这种文化，我这个后死的人就不会掌握它了；上天既然还不让它灭绝，匡人又能把我怎样？
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
孔子在匡被围，说“匡人其如予何”，他凭什么这样说？
注Key words in the commentary
畏者，有戒心之谓。匡，地名。史记云：阳虎曾暴于匡，夫子貌似阳虎，故匡人围之。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 子畏于匡。 | “畏者，有戒心之谓。匡，地名。史记云：阳虎曾暴于匡，夫子貌似阳虎，故匡人围之。” | page 118 |
| 曰：文王既没，文 | “道之显者谓之文，盖礼乐制度之谓。不曰道而曰文，亦谦辞也。兹，此也，孔子自谓。” | page 118 |
| 天之将丧斯文也， | “言天若欲丧此文，则必不使我得与于此文；今我既得与于此文，则是天未欲丧此文也。天既未欲丧此文，则匡人其柰我何？言必不能违天害己也。” | page 119 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 五
“云子畏於匡者，心服曰畏，匡宋地名也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | 畏 | differs | fairly sure | 钱取私斗被拘、不取孔子心畏；朱取有戒心。文为礼乐制度、孔子承文王之文的解释相近。 |
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | 畏 | word sense | settled | 杨释拘囚，朱释有戒心而引被围背景；文均关联文王礼乐文化，孔子自担斯文非自比权位。 |
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