一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
子曰：知及之，仁不能守之；雖得之，必失之。知及之，仁能守之，不莊以涖之，則民不敬。知及之，仁能守之，莊以涖之，動之不以禮，未善也。The Master said: If knowledge reaches it but humaneness cannot hold it, then even if he gains it, he is sure to lose it. If knowledge reaches it and humaneness can hold it, but he does not govern with dignity, the people will not be reverent. If knowledge reaches it, humaneness can hold it, and he governs with dignity, but does not move the people by ritual, it is still not good.
What this chapter says
一孔按：知能达到，仁守不住，得了也会失去；知达到、仁守住，不庄重地对待百姓，民不敬；三样都有，行动不合礼，还不算尽善。为政要知、仁、庄、礼一层层到位，差一层都不行。常有人问：“知及之，仁不能守之”，知、仁、庄、礼一层层差一层行不行？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
孔子说，智慧懂得了，仁德却守不住，即使得到也必失去，智慧懂得、仁德守住，若不庄重临民，百姓也不会敬重；即使三者都有了，役使百姓不依礼，也还没有完善。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
- Textual variants
- Base text reads 涖之; the received text reads 莅之
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
“知及之，仁不能守之”，知、仁、庄、礼一层层差一层行不行？
注Key words in the commentary
知足以知此理，而私欲间之，则无以有之于身矣。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 子曰：知及之，仁 | “知足以知此理，而私欲间之，则无以有之于身矣。” | page 217—218 |
| 知及之，仁能守之 | “莅，临也，谓临民也。知此理而无私欲以间之，则所知者在我而不失矣。然犹有不庄者，盖气习之偏，或有厚于内而不严于外者，是以民不见其可畏而慢易之。” | page 217—218 |
| 知及之，仁能守之 | “动之，动民也，犹曰鼓舞而作兴之云尔。礼，谓义理之节文。” | page 217—218 |
| 知及之，仁能守之 | “学至于仁，则善有诸己而大本立矣。莅之不庄，动之不以礼，乃其气禀学问之小疵，然亦非尽善之道也。故夫子历言之，使知德愈全，则责愈备，不可以为小节而忽之也。” | page 218 |
异Textual variants
Where the base edition differs from the common text; the original follows the base edition.
| Base edition | Common text | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 涖之 | 莅之 | 底本PDF217涖；杨本15.33莅，异体保留 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 八
“謂人有智識得及為官位者，故云智及之也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | 之字指向略别 | word sense | fairly sure | 钱明指治民之道，知须仁心守之再庄临礼动；朱先以所知之理须无私欲存身再及临民。次第相通。 |
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