一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
朝，與下大夫言，侃侃如也；與上大夫言，誾誾如也。君在，踧踖如也。與與如也。At court, speaking with lower officers, he was direct and at ease; speaking with higher officers, he was respectful and exact. When the ruler was present, he was reverent yet composed.
What this chapter says
一孔按：上朝时，和下大夫说话刚直从容，和上大夫说话和悦而正；君在场，恭敬不安而又举止合度。说话的样子随对方身份变，变的是敬的分寸，不是心。常有人问：孔子上朝对下大夫“侃侃”、对上大夫“訚訚”，为什么不一样？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
上朝时，孔子同下大夫说话，刚直从容；同上大夫说话，和颜悦色而又敢于直言。国君在场时，他恭敬而略带不安，举止又安详得体。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
孔子上朝对下大夫“侃侃”、对上大夫“訚訚”，为什么不一样？
注Key words in the commentary
此君未视朝时也。王制，诸侯上大夫卿，下大夫五人。许氏说文：侃侃，刚直也；誾誾，和悦而诤也。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 朝，与下大夫言， | “此君未视朝时也。王制，诸侯上大夫卿，下大夫五人。许氏说文：侃侃，刚直也；誾誾，和悦而诤也。” | page 131 |
| 君在，踧踖如也。 | “君在，视朝也。踧踖，恭敬不宁之貌。与与，威仪中适之貌。” | page 131 |
| 君在，踧踖如也。 | “此一节，记孔子在朝廷事上接下之不同也。” | page 131 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 五
“朝，孔子與之言宜用和樂相接。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | differs | fairly sure | 侃侃与訚訚重心有别：钱以和乐、中正有诤分释；朱引说文以刚直、和悦而诤分释。均以君在恭敬且威仪中适为旨。 | |
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | same | settled | 下大夫前和乐直言、上大夫前恭敬、君前谨敬；朱以刚直、和悦而诤分侃侃訚訚，非一味畏缩。 |
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