一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
入公門，鞠躬如也，如不容。立不中門，行不履閾。過位，色勃如也，足躩如也，其言似不足者。攝齊升堂，鞠躬如也，屏氣似不息者。出，降一等，逞顏色，怡怡如也。沒階趨，翼如也。復其位，踧踖如也。Entering the palace gate, he bowed as if there were no room for him. He did not stand in the middle of the gateway nor step on the threshold. Passing the ruler's seat, his face changed and his steps quickened, and he spoke as if short of words. Lifting his robe to ascend the hall, he bowed and held his breath as if not breathing. Coming out and descending one step, he relaxed his face and looked at ease. At the bottom of the steps he hurried forward like a bird with spread wings. Returning to his place, he was reverent and composed.
What this chapter says
一孔按：进宫门，弯身如无容身之地；不站门中，不踩门槛；经过君位，神色庄重；提衣登堂，屏住气；出来下了一级台阶，才舒展脸色。一道门一个空位，都按着敬的分寸走。常有人问：孔子“入公门，鞠躬如也”，进一道门、过一个空位为什么也这样？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
孔子走进国君的宫门，弯着身子，好像门容不下他。站立不站在门中间，行走不踩门槛。经过国君的空座位时，神色庄重，脚步放小，言语低微像气力不够。双手撩起衣摆上堂，弯着身子，屏住气息，好像不敢呼吸。出来时，走下一级台阶，脸色放松，显出舒坦的样子。走完台阶，快步向前，两袖如鸟展翅。回到自己的位置，又是恭敬不安的样子。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
看Watch this chapter
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Connections
- Same line elsewhere
- Analects 10.3 君召使擯，色勃如也，足躩如也……
- Analects 10.5 執圭，鞠躬如也，如不勝。上如……
- Textual variants
- Base text reads 没阶趋翼如也; the received text reads 没阶趋进翼如也
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
孔子“入公门，鞠躬如也”，进一道门、过一个空位为什么也这样？
注Key words in the commentary
鞠躬，曲身也。公门高大而若不容，敬之至也。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 入公门，鞠躬如也 | “鞠躬，曲身也。公门高大而若不容，敬之至也。” | page 132 |
| 立不中门，行不履 | “中门，中于门也。谓当棖闑之间，君出入处也。阈，门限也。礼：士大夫出入君门，由闑右，不践阈。” | page 132 |
| 过位，色勃如也， | “位，君之虚位……君虽不在，过之必敬，不敢以虚位而慢之也。言似不足，不敢肆也。” | page 132 |
| 摄齐升堂，鞠躬如 | “摄，摳也。齐，衣下缝也。礼：将升堂，两手摳衣，使去地尺，恐躡之而倾跌失容也。屏，藏也。息，鼻息出入者也。近至尊，气容肃也。” | page 132 |
| 复其位，踧踖如也 | “立中门则当尊，行履阈则不恪。” | page 132 |
| 复其位，踧踖如也 | “趋下本无进字，俗本有之，误也。” | page 132 |
| 复其位，踧踖如也 | “此一节，记孔子在朝之容。” | page 132 |
见Cross-references
- 过位，色勃如也， Elsewhere in the Analects：君召使摈，色勃如也，足躩如也。（《论语》集注分章10.3（底本第 131 页））
异Textual variants
Where the base edition differs from the common text; the original follows the base edition.
| Base edition | Common text | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 没阶趋翼如也 | 没阶趋进翼如也 | 底本PDF132无进字；杨本10.4有进 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 五
“鞠躬，曲敬也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | differs | settled | 鞠躬如杨拒曲身、取谨慎恭敬貌，朱直释曲身；过位均指君不在的虚位，非经过在座国君。 | |
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | 鞠躬字训 | differs | fairly sure | 钱主取鞠穷谨敬自敛、不必曲身；朱直接训曲身。入门过位摄齐屏息的敬意均同。 |
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