The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
食不厭精,膾不厭細。食饐而餲,魚餒而肉敗,不食。色惡,不食。臭惡,不食。失飪,不食。不時,不食。割不正,不食。不得其醬,不食。肉雖多,不使勝食氣。惟酒無量,不及亂。沽酒市脯不食。不撤薑食。不多食。祭於公,不宿肉。祭肉不出三日。出三日,不食之矣。食不語,寢不言。雖疏食菜羹,瓜祭,必齊如也。He did not tire of finely polished rice or of finely sliced meat. Rice that had spoiled and turned sour, fish gone bad, or meat that had rotted, he did not eat. Food of bad color he did not eat; food of bad smell he did not eat. Food badly cooked he did not eat; food out of season he did not eat. Meat not cut properly he did not eat; without the right sauce he did not eat. Even when there was much meat, he did not let it overpower the rice. Only in wine he set no limit, but never to the point of disorder. Wine and dried meat bought at the market he did not eat. He did not do without ginger, but did not eat much. After a sacrifice at the duke's, he did not keep the meat overnight. Sacrificial meat he did not keep beyond three days; beyond three days, he would not eat it. He did not converse while eating, nor talk in bed. Even with coarse rice and vegetable soup, he offered some in sacrifice, always with reverence.
What this chapter says
一孔按:粮食不嫌舂得精,肉不嫌切得细;变质的、颜色气味不好的、烹调失当的、不合时令的、切得不正的都不吃。不是讲究口腹,是养生与敬慎都在饮食里。常有人问:“食不厌精,脍不厌细”,孔子是讲究吃的人吗?上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
米越舂得白越好,肉越切得细越好。饭受潮发馊变了味,鱼肉腐坏了,不吃。颜色难看的,不吃。气味难闻的,不吃。烹调不得当,不吃。不到时令,不吃。切得不合规矩,不吃。没有相配的酱,不吃。桌上的肉再多,也不让它压过饭食。酒没有一定的量,只是不到醉乱的地步。从街上买来的酒和干肉,不吃。每顿离不了姜,但也不多吃。陪国君祭祀分得的肉,当天就分给别人,不留过夜。自家祭祀的肉,不超过三天,过了三天就不吃了。吃饭时不交谈,睡下时不说话。即使只是粗饭菜汤,吃前也一定先取出一点来祭先人,神情必定像斋戒一样恭敬。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
- Textual variants
- Base text reads 惟酒无量; the received text reads 唯酒无量
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
“食不厌精,脍不厌细”,孔子是讲究吃的人吗?
注Key words in the commentary
非谓必欲如是也。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭 | “非谓必欲如是也。” | page 135 |
| 虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭 | “食,饭也。精,鑿也。牛羊与鱼之腥,聂而切之为脍。食精则能养人,脍麤则能害人。不厌,言以是为善,非谓必欲如是也。” | page 135 |
| 虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭 | “饐,饭伤热湿也。餲,味变也。鱼烂曰馁,肉腐曰败。色恶臭恶,未败而色臭变也。饪,烹调生熟之节也。不时,五谷不成,果实未熟之类。此数者皆足以伤人,故不食。” | page 135 |
| 虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭 | “割肉不方正者不食,造次不离于正也。汉陆续之母,切肉未尝不方,断葱以寸为度,盖其质美,与此暗合也。食肉用酱,各有所宜,不得则不食,恶其不备也。此二者无害于人,但不以嗜味而苟食耳。” | page 135 |
| 虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭 | “食以谷为主,故不使肉胜食气。酒以为人合欢,故不为量,但以醉为节而不及乱耳。” | page 136 |
| 虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭 | “不及乱者,非惟不使乱志,虽血气亦不可使乱,但浃洽而已可也。” | page 136 |
| 虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭 | “沽、市,皆买也。恐不精洁,或伤人也。与不尝康子之药同意。” | page 136 |
| 虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭 | “助祭于公,所得胙肉,归即颁赐,不俟经宿者,不留神惠也。家之祭肉,则不过三日,皆以分赐。盖过三日,则肉必败,而人不食之,是亵鬼神之余也。” | page 136 |
| 虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭 | “答述曰语,自言曰言。” | page 136 |
| 虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭 | “鲁论瓜作必。” | page 136—137 |
| 虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭 | “古人饮食,每种各出少许,置之豆间之地,以祭先代始为饮食之人,不忘本也。齐,严敬貌。孔子虽薄物必祭,其祭必敬,圣人之诚也。” | page 136—137 |
| 虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭 | “此一节,记孔子饮食之节。” | page 136—137 |
| 虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭 | “欲心胜而不暇择也。” | page 137 |
| 虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭 | “圣人饮食如此,非极口腹之欲,盖养气体,不以伤生,当如此。然圣人之所不食,穷口腹者或反食之,欲心胜而不暇择也。” | page 137 |
异Textual variants
Where the base edition differs from the common text; the original follows the base edition.
| Base edition | Common text | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 惟酒无量 | 唯酒无量 | 底本饮食第8节;两字异文保留,沿既有原页核页 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 五
“云食不厭精者,此明平常禮食。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | 不时 | word sense | fairly sure | 杨10.8:不时:杨较取不合进食时刻而反对强定温室菜;朱指五谷未成、果实未熟。精细均重食宜,不必然奢食;杨10.9:不宿肉:杨以公祭颁肉前已历夜故不可再存说明;朱以君赐当即颁人、不留宿解释。祭肉三日限同,理由有别;杨10.10:同解:食不交谈、寝不言;朱分答述为语与自说为言,杨通译不说话,不可扩为平时一律沉默;杨10.11:瓜祭:杨疑瓜误为必,朱正文保留瓜祭并引鲁论作必、解每物少祭先代始饮食者;皆指食前敬祭,不是每餐必食瓜。 |
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | fairly sure | 同以食精脍细为养人、变坏失时失制不食,非贪珍味。钱取食毕姜碟不撤,朱谓姜通神明去秽故不撤亦不多食。 |
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