一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
寢不尸，居不容。見齊衰者，雖狎，必變。見冕者與瞽者，雖褻，必以貌。凶服者式之。式負版者。有盛饌，必變色而作。迅雷風烈，必變。He did not sleep stretched out like a corpse, nor sit at home with formal bearing. When he saw someone in mourning dress, even an intimate, his expression changed. When he saw someone in ceremonial cap or a blind man, even someone he saw often, he showed proper bearing. To one in mourning clothes he bowed from his carriage; he bowed to those carrying the registers of the state. When a fine feast was served, his expression changed and he rose. At sudden thunder or violent wind, his expression changed.
What this chapter says
一孔按：孔子睡不像死人一样直挺，居家不端着容仪。遇见丧服必变色，遇见疾雷大风必变色，敬天之怒，不敢安然。常有人问：遇到“迅雷风烈必变”，孔子的脸色为什么跟着天变？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
孔子睡时不挺直四肢仰面躺着，在家里不刻意摆出仪容。看见穿丧服的人，即使平日很亲近，也一定改变脸色表示同情。看见戴礼帽的官员和盲人，即使常常见面，也一定以礼相待。乘车遇见穿丧服的人，便俯身扶着车前横木致意；对背着国家户籍图册的人，也同样致意。有丰盛的筵席，一定改变神色，站起身来。碰上急雷狂风，必定神色一变。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
- Textual variants
- Base text reads 居不容; the received text reads 居不客
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
遇到“迅雷风烈必变”，孔子的脸色为什么跟着天变？
注Key words in the commentary
尸，谓偃卧似死人也。居，居家。容，容仪。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 寝不尸，居不容。 | “尸，谓偃卧似死人也。居，居家。容，容仪。” | page 139 |
| 寝不尸，居不容。 | “寝不尸，非恶其类于死也。惰慢之气不设于身体，虽舒布其四体，而亦未尝肆耳。居不容，非惰也。但不若奉祭祀、见宾客而已，申申夭夭是也。” | page 139 |
| 见冕者与瞽者，虽 | “狎，谓素亲狎。亵，谓燕见。貌，谓礼貌。余见前篇。” | page 139 |
| 式负版者。 | “式，车前横木。有所敬，则俯而凭之。负版，持邦国图籍者。式此二者，哀有丧，重民数也。人惟万物之灵，而王者之所天也，故周礼献民数于王，王拜受之。况其下者，敢不敬乎？” | page 139 |
| 有盛馔，必变色而 | “敬主人之礼，非以其馔也。” | page 139 |
| 有盛馔，必变色而 | “此一节，记孔子容貌之变。” | page 139 |
异Textual variants
Where the base edition differs from the common text; the original follows the base edition.
| Base edition | Common text | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 居不容 | 居不客 | 底本第15节容；杨本10.24客，朱注解释容仪 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 五
“云寢不尸者，寢，眠也。尸，謂死人也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | differs | fairly sure | 负版、冕及亵有异读：钱取负版为负贩、冕为丧絻、亵为卑亵之人；朱取负邦国图籍、冕为冠服、亵为燕见。均从敬人哀丧说明变貌。 |
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