一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
樊遲從遊於舞雩之下，曰：敢問崇德、修慝、辨惑。子曰：善哉問！先事後得，非崇德與？攻其惡，無攻人之惡，非修慝與？一朝之忿，忘其身，以及其親，非惑與？Fan Chi was walking with the Master below the rain altar and said: May I ask about exalting virtue, rooting out hidden faults, and discerning delusion? The Master said: A good question! Putting the work first and the reward after — is that not exalting virtue? Attacking your own faults and not those of others — is that not rooting out hidden faults? In a morning's anger forgetting yourself and even your parents — is that not delusion?
What this chapter says
一孔按：樊迟问崇德、修慝、辨惑。先做事后想得，是崇德；攻自己的恶不攻别人的恶，是修慝；一时之忿忘了自身和父母，是惑。三样都从切身处下手。常有人问：樊迟问崇德、修慝、辨惑，孔子为什么夸“善哉问”？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
樊迟随孔子游舞雩，问怎样增德、除内心之恶、辨惑；孔子说，问得好，先办事后计所得，不是增德吗，治自己的恶而不专攻别人的恶，不是去恶吗，一时愤怒而忘了自己的安危，还牵累父母，不是迷惑吗？
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
- Same question
Asking how to exalt virtue: 2 times in the book. Different people asked, and got different answers:
- People
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
樊迟问崇德、修慝、辨惑，孔子为什么夸“善哉问”？
注Key words in the commentary
善其切于为己。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 子曰：善哉问！ | “善其切于为己。” | page 168—169 |
| 先事后得，非崇德 | “先事后得，犹言先难后获也。为所当为而不计其功，则德日积而不自知矣。专于治己而不责人，则己之恶无所匿矣。知一朝之忿为甚微，而祸及其亲为甚大，则有以辨惑而惩其忿矣。樊迟麤鄙近利，故告之以此，三者皆所以救其失也。” | page 168—169 |
| 先事后得，非崇德 | “先事后得，上义而下利也。人惟有利欲之心，故德不崇。惟不自省己过而知人之过，故慝不修。感物而易动者莫如忿，忘其身以及其亲，惑之甚者也。惑之甚者必起于细微，能辨之于早，则不至于大惑矣，故惩忿所以辨惑也。” | page 168—169 |
| 一朝之忿，忘其身 | “慝之字从心从匿，盖恶之匿于心者。修者，治而去之。” | page 168—169 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 六
“既從遊，而問此三事也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | differs | settled | 修慝杨译消除他人暗怨，朱慝为己心隐恶、修为治去；先事后得与不因忿祸亲之义一致。 | |
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | fairly sure | 同以先事后得、治己恶不攻人恶、戒一忿忘身亲分别崇德修慝辨惑；钱重游雩情境，朱重慝为匿心之恶须去。 |
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