一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
子張問明。子曰：浸潤之譖，膚受之愬，不行焉；可謂明也已矣。浸潤之譖，膚受之愬，不行焉；可謂遠也已矣。Zizhang asked about clear-sightedness. The Master said: One on whom slander that seeps in slowly and complaints that cut to the skin have no effect may be called clear-sighted. One on whom they have no effect may be called far-sighted.
What this chapter says
一孔按：慢慢渗进来的谗言，切身急迫的诉冤，都不起作用，才算明，才算远。这两样最容易让人不知不觉就信了，所以专挑出来。常有人问：子张问明，孔子为什么偏挑“浸润之谮，肤受之愬”这两样？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
子张问什么叫明察，孔子说，慢慢渗入的毁谤和迫近自身利害的诉冤，都不能在这里得逞，就可以算明察，也可以算看得远了。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
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Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
子张问明，孔子为什么偏挑“浸润之谮，肤受之愬”这两样？
注Key words in the commentary
浸润，如水之浸灌滋润，渐渍而不骤也。谮，毁人之行也。肤受，谓肌肤所受，利害切身，如易所谓剥床以肤，切近灾者也。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 子曰：浸润之谮， | “浸润，如水之浸灌滋润，渐渍而不骤也。谮，毁人之行也。肤受，谓肌肤所受，利害切身，如易所谓剥床以肤，切近灾者也。愬，愬己之冤也。毁人者渐渍而不骤，则听者不觉其入，而信之深矣。愬冤者急迫而切身，则听者不及致详，而发之暴矣。二者难察而能察之，则可见其心之明，而不蔽于近矣。此亦必因子张之失而告之，故其辞繁而不杀，以致丁宁之意云。” | page 161 |
| 浸润之谮，肤受之 | “骤而语之，与利害不切于身者，不行焉，有不待明者能之也。故又谓之远，远则明之至也。书曰：视远惟明。” | page 161 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 六
“云子張問明者，問人行事而可謂之明乎。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | same | fairly sure | 渐入谗言与切身诉冤均难察，能不受惑为明远；杨译愬为诬告，朱训诉己冤，未必每一诉冤都伪。 | |
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | fairly sure | 浸润谮同喻渐渍毁人之言。肤受钱并列积尘与切身两解，朱明确取利害切身、诉己冤，均戒渐入与急迫之惑。 |
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