一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
樊遲問仁。子曰：愛人。問知。子曰：知人。樊遲未達。子曰：舉直錯諸枉，能使枉者直。樊遲退，見子夏。曰：鄉也，吾見於夫子而問知，子曰：舉直錯諸枉，能使枉者直。何謂也？子夏曰：富哉言乎！舜有天下，選於眾，舉皋陶，不仁者遠矣。湯有天下，選於眾，舉伊尹，不仁者遠矣。Fan Chi asked about humaneness. The Master said: Love others. He asked about wisdom. The Master said: Know others. Fan Chi did not understand. The Master said: Raise up the straight and set them over the crooked, and the crooked can be made straight. Fan Chi withdrew and went to see Zixia, saying: Just now I saw the Master and asked about wisdom, and he said, 'Raise up the straight and set them over the crooked, and the crooked can be made straight.' What does this mean? Zixia said: How rich these words are! When Shun held the realm, he chose from among the many and raised up Gao Yao, and the inhumane went far away. When Tang held the realm, he chose from among the many and raised up Yi Yin, and the inhumane went far away.
What this chapter says
一孔按：樊迟问仁，孔子说爱人；问知，说知人。又解释举直错诸枉能使枉者直，子夏举舜举皋陶、汤举伊尹，不仁者就远了。知人善用，仁的效验才出来。常有人问：樊迟问仁，孔子只答“爱人”，问知只答“知人”，为什么这么短？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
樊迟问仁，孔子说，爱人，问智，孔子说，知人；樊迟还不明白，孔子说，把正直的人举出来，放在邪曲者之上，能使邪曲者也变正直。樊迟退后请教子夏，子夏说，这话意思多么丰富，舜从众人中选举皋陶、汤从众人中选举伊尹，不仁者就都远离了。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
看Watch this chapter
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Connections
- Same question
Asking about humaneness: 8 times in the book. Different people asked, and got different answers:
- 6.20 Fan Chi: The humane put the hard work first and the reward after.
- 12.1 Yan Yuan: To overcome the self and return to ritual is humaneness.
- 12.2 Zhonggong: What you do not want for yourself, do not impose on others.
- 12.3 Sima Niu: The humane are slow to speak.
- 12.22 Fan Chi: Love people.
- 13.19 Fan Chi: Be respectful at home, reverent in your duties, and loyal to others.
- 15.9 Zigong: Serve the worthiest of its high officers; befriend the most humane of its scholars.
- 17.6 Zizhang: Respectfulness, generosity, trustworthiness, diligence, kindness.
- Same question
Asking about wisdom: 2 times in the book. Different people asked, and got different answers:
- Same line elsewhere
- Analects 2.19 哀公問曰：何為則民服？孔子對……
- People
Zixia20 chaptersFan Chi6 chaptersShun7 chaptersGao YaoTang of Shang2 chaptersYi Yin
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
樊迟问仁，孔子只答“爱人”，问知只答“知人”，为什么这么短？
注Key words in the commentary
爱人，仁之施。知人，知之务。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 樊迟问仁。 | “爱人，仁之施。知人，知之务。” | page 169 |
| 曰：乡也，吾见于 | “举直错枉者，知也。使枉者直，则仁矣。如此，则二者不惟不相悖，而反相为用矣。” | page 169 |
| 曰：乡也，吾见于 | “迟以夫子之言专为知者之事，又未达所以能使枉者直之理。” | page 169—170 |
| 曰：乡也，吾见于 | “叹其所包者广，不止言知。” | page 169—170 |
| 曰：乡也，吾见于 | “伊尹，汤之相也。不仁者远，言人皆化而为仁，不见有不仁者，若其远去尔，所谓使枉者直也。子夏盖有以知夫子之兼仁知而言矣。” | page 169—170 |
| 汤有天下，选于众 | “其务实也如是。” | page 169—170 |
| 汤有天下，选于众 | “学者之问也，不独欲闻其说，又必欲知其方；不独欲知其方，又必欲为其事。如樊迟之问仁知也，夫子告之尽矣。樊迟未达，故又问焉，而犹未知其何以为之也。及退而问诸子夏，然后有以知之。使其未喻，则必将复问矣。既问于师，又辨诸友，当时之学者，其务实也如是。” | page 169—170 |
见Cross-references
- 曰：乡也，吾见于 Elsewhere in the Analects：孔子对曰：举直错诸枉，则民服；举枉错诸直，则民不服。（《论语》集注分章2.19（底本第 32 页））
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 六
“問為仁之道也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | 未达缘由 | differs | fairly sure | 钱取未晓知人之方，直枉作叠材之喻；朱兼用仁知相成、知直枉并使枉直解释爱与择何以不悖。 |
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | same | settled | 举直是知、使枉者直是仁，相为用；不仁者远杨意译难以存在，朱兼改过与远避，非一定驱逐全部不仁者。 |
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