一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
樊遲問仁。子曰：居處恭，執事敬，與人忠。雖之夷狄，不可棄也。Fan Chi asked about humaneness. The Master said: Be respectful at home, reverent in handling affairs, loyal in dealing with others. Even among the barbarian tribes, these cannot be abandoned.
What this chapter says
一孔按：樊迟问仁，孔子说居处恭，执事敬，与人忠，到了夷狄之地也不能丢。恭见于外，敬存于中，没人看着的地方也要守住。常有人问：樊迟问仁，孔子为什么说“虽之夷狄，不可弃也”？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
樊迟问仁，孔子说，平常居处恭谨，办事敬慎，待人尽心，即使到了夷狄之地，也不可放弃。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
看Watch this chapter
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Connections
- Same question
Asking about humaneness: 8 times in the book. Different people asked, and got different answers:
- 6.20 Fan Chi: The humane put the hard work first and the reward after.
- 12.1 Yan Yuan: To overcome the self and return to ritual is humaneness.
- 12.2 Zhonggong: What you do not want for yourself, do not impose on others.
- 12.3 Sima Niu: The humane are slow to speak.
- 12.22 Fan Chi: Love people.
- 13.19 Fan Chi: Be respectful at home, reverent in your duties, and loyal to others.
- 15.9 Zigong: Serve the worthiest of its high officers; befriend the most humane of its scholars.
- 17.6 Zizhang: Respectfulness, generosity, trustworthiness, diligence, kindness.
- People
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
樊迟问仁，孔子为什么说“虽之夷狄，不可弃也”？
注Key words in the commentary
恭主容，敬主事。恭见于外，敬主乎中。之夷狄不可弃，勉其固守而勿失也。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 虽之夷狄，不可弃 | “恭主容，敬主事。恭见于外，敬主乎中。之夷狄不可弃，勉其固守而勿失也。” | page 182 |
| 虽之夷狄，不可弃 | “此是彻上彻下语。圣人初无二语也。充之则睟面盎背，推而达之，则笃恭而天下平矣。” | page 182 |
| 虽之夷狄，不可弃 | “樊迟问仁者三：此最先，先难次之，爱人其最后乎。” | page 182 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 七
“云樊遲問仁者，問孔子行仁之道也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | same | settled | 居恭执敬与人忠，至夷狄亦不弃；之为到，不是指代夷狄的它。 | |
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | fairly sure | 同以居处恭、执事敬、待人忠为仁的实事，虽夷狄不可弃；钱以独居不惰释居处，朱以恭主容敬主事分内外。 |
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