一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
子路問曰：何如斯可謂之士矣？子曰：切切、偲偲、怡怡如也，可謂士矣。朋友切切、偲偲，兄弟怡怡。Zilu asked: What must one be like to be called a scholar? The Master said: Earnest, encouraging, and congenial — such a one may be called a scholar. Earnest and encouraging with friends, congenial with brothers.
What this chapter says
一孔按：子路问士，孔子说切切偲偲、怡怡如也：朋友之间恳切相勉，兄弟之间和悦。子路刚直，最缺这一样，所以这样告诉他，又分开说，免得用错了地方。常有人问：子路问怎样算士，孔子答“切切偲偲，怡怡如也”，为什么这样答子路？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
子路问怎样算士，孔子说，恳切劝勉而又和悦，就可以算士；朋友之间要恳切劝勉，兄弟之间要和悦相处。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
- Same question
Asking about the scholar (shi): 3 times in the book. Different people asked, and got different answers:
- 12.20 Zizhang: Plain and upright and loving what is right, attentive to words and observant of faces, mindful to put himself below others.
- 13.20 Zigong: He conducts himself with a sense of shame, and when sent on missions abroad he does not disgrace his ruler's commission.
- 13.28 Zilu: Earnest, encouraging, and genial.
- Same line elsewhere
- Analects 12.20 子張問：士何如斯可謂之達矣？……
- Analects 13.20 子貢問曰：何如斯可謂之士矣？……
- People
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
子路问怎样算士，孔子答“切切偲偲，怡怡如也”，为什么这样答子路？
注Key words in the commentary
切切，恳到也。偲偲，详勉也。怡怡，和悦也。皆子路所不足，故告之。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 朋友切切、偲偲， | “切切，恳到也。偲偲，详勉也。怡怡，和悦也。皆子路所不足，故告之。又恐其混于所施，则兄弟有贼恩之祸，朋友有善柔之损，故又别而言之。” | page 185 |
见Cross-references
- 子路问曰：何如斯 Elsewhere in the Analects：子贡问曰：何如斯可谓之士矣？（《论语》集注分章13.20（底本第 182 页））
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 七
“云子路問云云者，問為士之行和悅切磋之道也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | same | settled | 朋友切偲责善、兄弟怡怡和悦，关系不同施教有别；朱切偲分恳到详勉，杨合释互相责善。 | |
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | fairly sure | 同分朋友相切责劝勉、兄弟和悦，须随伦宜施，混用易伤恩或成善柔；钱引记者补言之说但不据此定其出处。 |
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