一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
柴也愚，參也魯，師也辟，由也喭。Chai is simple, Shen is slow, Shi is showy, You is coarse.
What this chapter says
一孔按：高柴愚，曾参鲁，子张偏，子路粗。孔子当面点出四个学生的偏处，为的是让各人知道自己该补哪一样。常有人问：“柴也愚，参也鲁，师也辟，由也喭”，孔子当面这样说学生，为什么？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
高柴质厚而少智，曾参迟钝，子张善于修饰外貌，仲由粗率。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
“柴也愚，参也鲁，师也辟，由也喭”，孔子当面这样说学生，为什么？
注Key words in the commentary
柴，孔子弟子，姓高，字子羔。愚者，知不足而厚有余。家语记其足不履影，启蛰不杀，方长不折。执亲之丧，泣血三年，未尝见齿。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 柴也愚，参也鲁， | “柴，孔子弟子，姓高，字子羔。愚者，知不足而厚有余。家语记其足不履影，启蛰不杀，方长不折。执亲之丧，泣血三年，未尝见齿。避难而行，不径不窦。可以见其为人矣。” | page 147 |
| 柴也愚，参也鲁， | “曾子之学，诚笃而已。圣门学者，聪明才辩，不为不多，而卒传其道，乃质鲁之人尔。故学以诚实为贵也。” | page 147 |
| 柴也愚，参也鲁， | “曾子之才鲁，故其学也确，所以能深造乎道也。” | page 147 |
| 柴也愚，参也鲁， | “辟，便辟也。谓习于容止，少诚实也。” | page 147—148 |
| 柴也愚，参也鲁， | “喭，粗俗也。传称喭者，谓俗论也。” | page 147—148 |
| 柴也愚，参也鲁， | “四者，性之偏，语之使知自励也。” | page 148 |
| 柴也愚，参也鲁， | “此章之首脱‘子曰’二字。或疑下章‘子曰’，当在此章之首，而通为一章。” | page 148 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 六
“云柴也愚者，柴，弟子也。其累在於愚也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | differs | fairly sure | 愚鲁辟喭皆论弟子气质。钱训愚为好仁之过、辟为偏、喭为刚猛；朱训愚为知不足厚有余、辟便辟、喭粗俗，字训有别。鲁为钝则同。 |
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