一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
子貢問：師與商也孰賢？子曰：師也過，商也不及。曰：然則師愈與？子曰：過猶不及。Zigong asked: Who is the worthier, Shi or Shang? The Master said: Shi goes too far; Shang does not go far enough. Then is Shi better? The Master said: Going too far is the same as not going far enough.
What this chapter says
一孔按：子张过头，子夏不及。子贡以为过头总比不及好，孔子说过犹不及。道以中为至，多一点和少一点一样偏。常有人问：子张过头、子夏不及，孔子为什么说“过犹不及”？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
子贡问子张和子夏谁更贤，孔子说，子张过了头，子夏又不够；子贡问那么子张更好吗，孔子说，过头和不够，同样没有恰到好处。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
子张过头、子夏不及，孔子为什么说“过犹不及”？
注Key words in the commentary
子张才高意广，而好为苟难，故常过中。子夏笃信谨守，而规模狭隘，故常不及。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 子曰：师也过，商 | “子张才高意广，而好为苟难，故常过中。子夏笃信谨守，而规模狭隘，故常不及。” | page 146 |
| 曰：然则师愈与？ | “愈，犹胜也。” | page 146 |
| 曰：然则师愈与？ | “其失中则一也。” | page 146 |
| 子曰：过犹不及。 | “道以中庸为至。贤知之过，虽若胜于愚不肖之不及，然其失中则一也。” | page 146 |
| 子曰：过犹不及。 | “中庸之为德也，其至矣乎！夫过与不及，均也。差之毫厘，缪以千里。故圣人之教，抑其过，引其不及，归于中道而已。” | page 146 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 六
“子貢問孔子，欲辨師商誰為賢勝也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | fairly sure | 同以子张才高意广常过、子夏谨守常不及，两者同失中，不能因过便判较胜。 |
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