一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
子曰：從我於陳、蔡者，皆不及門也。德行：顏淵，閔子騫，冉伯牛，仲弓。言語：宰我，子貢。政事：冉有，季路。文學：子游，子夏。The Master said: Those who followed me in Chen and Cai are no longer at my gate. In virtuous conduct: Yan Yuan, Min Ziqian, Ran Boniu, Zhonggong. In speech: Zai Wo, Zigong. In government: Ran You, Jilu. In culture and learning: Ziyou, Zixia.
What this chapter says
一孔按：跟我在陈蔡受困的，如今都不在门下了。下面四科十人的名单，朱注认为是弟子所记，并非孔子当场所排。常有人问：先进篇“德行：颜渊、闵子骞”这张四科名单，是孔子排的吗？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
孔子说，曾跟随我在陈国、蔡国受困的弟子，如今都不在我门下了。德行出众的是颜渊、闵子骞、冉伯牛、仲弓，善言辞的是宰我、子贡，善政事的是冉有、季路，长于文献学问的是子游、子夏。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
看Watch this chapter
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Connections
- People
Zixia20 chaptersZigong38 chaptersZiyou8 chaptersYan Yuan21 chaptersZilu41 chaptersRan You16 chaptersZai Wo5 chaptersZhonggong6 chaptersMin Ziqian5 chaptersBoniu2 chapters
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
先进篇“德行：颜渊、闵子骞”这张四科名单，是孔子排的吗？
注Key words in the commentary
孔子尝厄于陈、蔡之间，弟子多从之者，此时皆不在门。故孔子思之，盖不忘其相从于患难之中也。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 子曰：从我于陈、 | “孔子尝厄于陈、蔡之间，弟子多从之者，此时皆不在门。故孔子思之，盖不忘其相从于患难之中也。” | page 141 |
| 子曰：从我于陈、 | “弟子因孔子之言，记此十人，而并目其所长，分为四科。孔子教人各因其材，于此可见。” | page 142 |
| 文学：子游，子夏 | “四科乃从夫子于陈、蔡者尔，门人之贤者固不止此。曾子传道而不与焉，故知十哲世俗论也。” | page 142 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 六
“孔子言時世亂離，道不行。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | 不及门 | word sense | settled | 杨11.2：不及门：杨主取不在门下而不从未仕说，朱亦此时不在门；下接四科杨另章，朱合章并系陈蔡从者，关联判断不同；杨11.3：四科：杨明确反对十人即陈蔡从者，以冉有等史事论证；朱将名单附前章并引程说从陈蔡者，章分与史实判断不同。 |
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | fairly sure | 同取不及门为昔从陈蔡的弟子当时不在门，四科属记者附录。钱强调前三科先进、游夏文学属后进，并不把四科并列为互不相通的专业。 |
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