一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
子畏於匡，顏淵後。子曰：吾以女為死矣。曰：子在，回何敢死？The Master was in peril in Kuang, and Yan Yuan fell behind. The Master said: I thought you were dead. He said: While you live, Master, how would I dare die?
What this chapter says
一孔按：孔子在匡被围，颜渊落后赶到。孔子说我以为你死了，颜渊说您还在，我怎么敢死。弟子事师如父，师在不敢轻身赴死。常有人问：孔子在匡遇险，颜回说“子在，回何敢死”，为什么说不敢死？上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
孔子在匡地受到围困，颜渊落在后面；见面后孔子说，我以为你死了，颜渊回答，老师还在，我怎么敢轻易去送死？
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
- People
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
孔子在匡遇险，颜回说“子在，回何敢死”，为什么说不敢死？
注Key words in the commentary
后，谓相失在后。何敢死，谓不赴斗而必死也。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 曰：子在，回何敢 | “后，谓相失在后。何敢死，谓不赴斗而必死也。” | page 150 |
| 曰：子在，回何敢 | “以犯匡人之锋乎。” | page 150 |
| 曰：子在，回何敢 | “先王之制，民生于三，事之如一。惟其所在，则致死焉。况颜渊之于孔子，恩义兼尽，又非他人之为师弟子者而已。即夫子不幸而遇难，回必捐生以赴之矣。捐生以赴之，幸而不死，则必上告天子，下告方伯，请讨以复雠，不但已也。夫子而在，则回何为而不爱其死，以犯匡人之锋乎？” | page 150 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 六
“猶是前被匡人誤圍時，顏淵與孔子俱為匡人所圍。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | fairly sure | 同以后为颜回与孔子失群，何敢死是老师尚在不敢轻以身赴必死之斗。钱把畏训私斗，朱沿有戒心说，见匡难章异读。 |
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