一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
子曰：唯上知與下愚不移。The Master said: Only the wisest and the most foolish do not change.
白Plain Chinese
孔子说，只有最高明的人和最愚昧的人不会改变。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
- Disputed reading
- Yikonglu reads it as “A”. See our note
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
见Cross-references
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 九
“云子曰云云者，性者，人所稟以生也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 杨伯峻《论语译注》 | 上智下愚 | word sense | fairly sure | 杨直译并对生知实存怀疑，朱以气质并引自暴自弃不移解释；经验评价与理学说明有别。 |
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | fairly sure | 同承前性习章论上知下愚不移；钱重上知不为恶、下愚自暴不善，朱兼论气质美恶一定及自暴自弃不能入的条件。 |
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