一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
子路問成人。子曰：若臧武仲之知，公綽之不欲，卞莊子之勇，冉求之藝，文之以禮樂，亦可以為成人矣。曰：今之成人者何必然？見利思義，見危授命，久要不忘平生之言，亦可以為成人矣。Zilu asked about the complete man. The Master said: One with the wisdom of Zang Wuzhong, the freedom from desire of Gongchuo, the courage of Bian Zhuangzi, and the skill of Ran Qiu, refined by ritual and music, may be called a complete man. He added: But why must the complete man of today be so? One who, seeing profit, thinks of what is right; seeing danger, offers his life; and does not forget a long-standing promise however long ago he made it — he too may be called a complete man.
What this chapter says
一孔按：子路问成人，孔子说兼有臧武仲之知、公绰之不欲、卞庄子之勇、冉求之艺，再以礼乐文饰，就是成人；又退一步说，今天见利思义、见危授命、久要不忘平生之言，也可以算了。常有人问“子路问成人，孔子为什么说完一个标准又自己退一步”，上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
子路问怎样算完备的人，孔子说，有臧武仲的智慧、公绰的少欲、卞庄子的勇气、冉求的才艺，再用礼乐修饰，也就可以算了。孔子又说，如今所说的完人何必全都如此，见利益想到义，遇危难肯献身，旧日约定不忘，也可以算了。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
子路问成人，孔子为什么说完一个标准又自己退一步？
注Key words in the commentary
成人，犹言全人。武仲，鲁大夫，名纥。庄子，鲁卞邑大夫。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 子曰：若臧武仲之 | “成人，犹言全人。武仲，鲁大夫，名纥。庄子，鲁卞邑大夫。言兼此四子之长，则知足以穷理，廉足以养心，勇足以力行，艺足以泛应，而又节之以礼，和之以乐，使德成于内而文见乎外，则材全德备，浑然不见一善成名之迹。” | page 190—191 |
| 见利思义，见危授 | “复加‘曰’字者，既答而复言也。授命，言不爱其生，持以与人也。久要，旧约也。平生，平日也。有是忠信之实，则虽其才知礼乐有所未备，亦可以为成人之次也。” | page 191—192 |
| 见利思义，见危授 | “若今之成人，有忠信而不及于礼乐，则又其次者也。” | page 191—192 |
| 见利思义，见危授 | “语成人之名，非圣人孰能之？孟子曰：唯圣人然后可以践形。如此方可以称成人之名。” | page 191 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 七
“云子路問成人者，問人何所行德可為成人者。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | fairly sure | 同以成人为全人，知廉勇艺须礼乐成之；今之成人又以见利义、临危命、久要信作实事标准，不仅具技艺。 |
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