一孔录The video for this chapter is still in production. For now this page gives the original text, the facsimile page, a working translation and the commentary; the full reading follows when the video is out.
克、伐、怨、欲不行焉，可以為仁矣？子曰：可以為難矣，仁則吾不知也。If one does not give way to domineering, boasting, resentment, or greed, can he be called humane? The Master said: He may be called hard to find; whether he is humane, I do not know.
What this chapter says
一孔按：克、伐、怨、欲都压住了，孔子说这只算难，算不算仁我不知道。压住不发不等于根除，仁要私欲去尽、天理浑然。常有人问“克、伐、怨、欲都不发作，孔子为什么不说这就是仁”，上面是一孔录的回答。
Yikonglu's reading of this chapter is in Chinese for now; the English version comes with the video.
白Plain Chinese
原宪问，好胜、自夸、怨恨、贪欲都控制住，不表现出来，可以算仁了吗；孔子说，可以算难能，至于仁，我还不敢说。
Draft plain-Chinese rendering following Zhu Xi; it will be checked when the chapter is covered.
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Connections
- People
Relationship map of the whole book · The Analects, AI-reconstructed edition (PDF)
Close reading and checking
For readers who want to go deeper or check our work: key words in the commentary, what other commentators say, textual variants, the commentaries in their own words with facsimile pages, pronunciation and corrections. Tap a heading to open it.
常The common reading
克、伐、怨、欲都不发作，孔子为什么不说这就是仁？
注Key words in the commentary
克，好胜。伐，自矜。怨，忿恨。欲，贪欲。有是四者而能制之，使不得行，可谓难矣。
核Zhu Xi's commentary, line by line
Zhu Xi's own words on each line of this chapter, each checked against the base-edition page. Other commentators are added when the chapter is covered. About this edition
| Line | Quoted text | Page |
|---|---|---|
| 克、伐、怨、欲不 | “克，好胜。伐，自矜。怨，忿恨。欲，贪欲。有是四者而能制之，使不得行，可谓难矣。仁则天理浑然，自无四者之累，不行不足以言之也。” | page 186—187 |
| 克、伐、怨、欲不 | “克去己私以复乎礼，则私欲不留，而天理之本然者得矣。若但制而不行，则是未有拔去病根之意，而容其潜藏隐伏于胸中也，岂克己求仁之谓哉？” | page 187 |
| 子曰：可以为难矣 | “人而无克伐怨欲，惟仁者能之。有之而能制其情使不行，斯亦难能也，谓之仁则未也。此圣人开示之深，惜乎宪之不能再问也。” | page 186—187 |
家Other commentaries
Our base text is Zhu Xi's Collected Commentaries (above). Here are other commentaries side by side: for old commentaries, the first line of the sub-commentary with a link to the woodblock scan; for modern editions, one short quoted translation for comparison. The “compared with Zhu Xi” notes are written by Yikonglu, not quoted.
皇侃《论语义疏》Liang dynasty · 1750 Japanese woodblock edition · juan 七
“云克伐怨欲者，克，勝也。”……
Compared with Zhu Xi
| Commentary | Point | Relation | Confidence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钱穆《论语新解》 | same | fairly sure | 同以克伐怨欲为好胜、自夸、怨恨、贪欲，抑而不发只是难能，仁须内心本无其累，不是控制表现便已全仁。 |
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