道家的道与儒家的道,字同义不同,这里并列着看。
Each topic is divided by book and lists the chapters whose original text mentions it: chapters we have covered include our reading; others show the original only.
The Analects59 chapters
“朝闻道,夕死可矣”“志于道”。“道”作“说”“引导”讲的章已剔。
- 1.2Filial and fraternal duty as the root of ren
有子曰:其为人也孝弟,而好犯上者,鲜矣;不好犯上,而好作乱者,未之有也。君子务本,本立而道生。孝弟也者,其为仁之本与!
Filial and fraternal duty is where practising ren begins. Today: kind to strangers online, no patience for one's parents at home — that is starting from the far end.
- 1.5Governing a state of a thousand chariots
子曰:道千乘之国:敬事而信,节用而爱人,使民以时。
Cheng Yi: “此言至浅……若推其极,尧舜之治亦不过此” — the words are plain, but pushed to the limit, even Yao and Shun governed no differently. Today: a shopkeeper who keeps his word, doesn't waste money, and doesn't send staff on private errands in the busy season.
- 1.11While the father lives, observe the son's intent
子曰:父在,观其志;父没,观其行;三年无改于父之道,可谓孝矣。
What is wrong, change now; what can wait, let wait — that is time given to what one cannot bear to let go. Today: the small factory a father left behind.
- 1.12In the use of ritual, harmony is prized
有子曰:礼之用,和为贵。先王之道,斯为美,小大由之。有所不行,知和而和,不以礼节之,亦不可行也。
Harmony alone, with nothing to regulate it, does not work either. Today: the team where everyone only ever says “looks good”.
- 1.14A gentleman does not seek to eat his fill
子曰:君子食无求饱,居无求安,敏于事而慎于言,就有道而正焉,可谓好学也已。
Not going hungry on purpose; simply too occupied to mind.
- 2.3Guiding them by decrees
子曰:道之以政,齐之以刑,民免而无耻;道之以德,齐之以礼,有耻且格。
Punishment and decree keep people from crime; virtue and ritual move them toward good. Today: the camera breaks, and the rubbish comes back.
- 3.16In archery, piercing the hide is not the point
子曰:射不主皮,为力不同科,古之道也。
The contest is in what can be trained, not in what you were born with.
- 3.24The border warden of Yi asks to see him
仪封人请见,曰:君子之至于斯也,吾未尝不得见也。从者见之。出曰:二三子何患于丧乎?天下之无道也久矣,天将以夫子为木铎。
A minor official saw Confucius's weight at first sight. Today: an old teacher moved off the podium runs free classes in the community, and more people come than were ever in his class.
- 4.5Wealth and rank are what people want
子曰:富与贵,是人之所欲也;不以其道得之,不处也。贫与贱,是人之所恶也;不以其道得之,不去也。君子去仁,恶乎成名?君子无终食之间违仁,造次必于是,颠沛必于是。
Do not take wealth that should not come, and do not dodge an undeserved poverty by crooked means; the big choices and the small daily work make each other. Today: the bus brakes hard, and the young man's first grab is to steady the old woman beside him.
- 4.8Hear the Way in the morning, die content at dusk
子曰:朝闻道,夕死可矣。
The hard part is not hearing, but still believing after one has heard. Life and death are the great matter; without something truly gained in the heart, no one can say “I may die at dusk.” Today: an old man in a hospital bed finally sees through what he never understood in a lifetime, takes his daughter's hand and says, “Now I am at peace.”
- 4.9A scholar set on the Way who is ashamed of poor clothes
子曰:士志于道,而耻恶衣恶食者,未足与议也。
The mouth says the heart is set on the Way, but the heart is ordered about by things outside. The problem is not dressing poorly; it is treating poor dress as a shame. Today: someone who says he will devote himself to studying for the exam first spends three days picking the most expensive stationery.
- 4.15参乎not yet covered
子曰:参乎!吾道一以贯之。曾子曰:唯。子出。门人问曰:何谓也?曾子曰:夫子之道,忠恕而已矣。
- 4.20三年无改于父之道not yet covered
子曰:三年无改于父之道,可谓孝矣。
- 5.1子谓公冶长not yet covered
子谓公冶长,可妻也。虽在缧绁之中,非其罪也。以其子妻之。子谓南容,邦有道,不废;邦无道,免于刑戮。以其兄之子妻之。
- 5.6道不行not yet covered
子曰:道不行,乘桴浮于海。从我者其由与?子路闻之喜。子曰:由也好勇过我,无所取材。
- 5.12子贡曰not yet covered
子贡曰:夫子之文章,可得而闻也;夫子之言性与天道,不可得而闻也。
- 5.15子谓子产not yet covered
子谓子产,有君子之道四焉:其行己也恭,其事上也敬,其养民也惠,其使民也义。
- 5.20寗武子邦有道则知not yet covered
子曰:寗武子邦有道则知,邦无道则愚。其知可及也,其愚不可及也。
- 6.10冉求曰not yet covered
冉求曰:非不说子之道,力不足也。子曰:力不足者,中道而废。今女画。
- 6.15谁能出不由户not yet covered
子曰:谁能出不由户?何莫由斯道也?
- 6.22齐一变not yet covered
子曰:齐一变,至于鲁;鲁一变,至于道。
- 7.6志于道not yet covered
子曰:志于道,据于德,依于仁,游于艺。
- 8.4曾子有疾not yet covered
曾子有疾,孟敬子问之。曾子言曰:鸟之将死,其鸣也哀;人之将死,其言也善。君子所贵乎道者三:动容貌,斯远暴慢矣;正颜色,斯近信矣;出辞气,斯远鄙倍矣。笾豆之事,则有司存。
- 8.7曾子曰not yet covered
曾子曰:士不可以不弘毅,任重而道远。仁以为己任,不亦重乎?死而后已,不亦远乎?
- 8.13笃信好学not yet covered
子曰:笃信好学,守死善道。危邦不入,乱邦不居。天下有道则见,无道则隐。邦有道,贫且贱焉,耻也;邦无道,富且贵焉,耻也。
- 9.11子疾病not yet covered
子疾病,子路使门人为臣。病间,曰:久矣哉!由之行诈也,无臣而为有臣。吾谁欺?欺天乎?且予与其死于臣之手也,无宁死于二三子之手乎?且予纵不得大葬,予死于道路乎?
- 9.26衣敝缊袍not yet covered
子曰:衣敝缊袍,与衣狐貉者立,而不耻者,其由也与?不忮不求,何用不臧?子路终身诵之。子曰:是道也,何足以臧?
- 9.29可与共学not yet covered
子曰:可与共学,未可与适道;可与适道,未可与立;可与立,未可与权。
- 11.19子张问善人之道not yet covered
子张问善人之道。子曰:不践迹,亦不入于室。
- 11.23季子然问not yet covered
季子然问:仲由、冉求可谓大臣与?子曰:吾以子为异之问,曾由与求之问。所谓大臣者:以道事君,不可则止。今由与求也,可谓具臣矣。曰:然则从之者与?子曰:弑父与君,亦不从也。
- 12.19季康子问政于孔子曰not yet covered
季康子问政于孔子曰:如杀无道,以就有道,何如?孔子对曰:子为政,焉用杀?子欲善,而民善矣。君子之德风,小人之德草。草上之风,必偃。
- 12.23子贡问友not yet covered
子贡问友。子曰:忠告而善道之,不可则止,毋自辱焉。
- 13.25君子易事而难说也not yet covered
子曰:君子易事而难说也:说之不以道,不说也;及其使人也,器之。小人难事而易说也:说之虽不以道,说也;及其使人也,求备焉。
- 14.1宪问耻not yet covered
宪问耻。子曰:邦有道,谷;邦无道,谷,耻也。
- 14.4邦有道not yet covered
子曰:邦有道,危言危行;邦无道,危行言孙。
- 14.20子言卫灵公之无道也not yet covered
子言卫灵公之无道也,康子曰:夫如是,奚而不丧?孔子曰:仲叔圉治宾客,祝𬶍治宗庙,王孙贾治军旅。夫如是,奚其丧?
- 14.30君子道者三not yet covered
子曰:君子道者三,我无能焉:仁者不忧,知者不惑,勇者不惧。子贡曰:夫子自道也。
- 14.38公伯寮愬子路于季孙not yet covered
公伯寮愬子路于季孙。子服景伯以告,曰:夫子固有惑志于公伯寮,吾力犹能肆诸市朝。子曰:道之将行也与?命也。道之将废也与?命也。公伯寮其如命何!
- 15.6直哉史鱼not yet covered
子曰:直哉史鱼!邦有道,如矢;邦无道,如矢。君子哉蘧伯玉!邦有道,则仕;邦无道,则可卷而怀之。
- 15.24吾之于人也not yet covered
子曰:吾之于人也,谁毁谁誉?如有所誉者,其有所试矣。斯民也,三代之所以直道而行也。
- 15.28人能弘道not yet covered
子曰:人能弘道,非道弘人。
- 15.31君子谋道不谋食not yet covered
子曰:君子谋道不谋食。耕也,馁在其中矣;学也,禄在其中矣。君子忧道不忧贫。
- 15.39道不同not yet covered
子曰:道不同,不相为谋。
- 15.41师冕见not yet covered
师冕见,及阶,子曰:阶也。及席,子曰:席也。皆坐,子告之曰:某在斯,某在斯。师冕出。子张问曰:与师言之道与?子曰:然。固相师之道也。
- 16.2天下有道not yet covered
孔子曰:天下有道,则礼乐征伐自天子出;天下无道,则礼乐征伐自诸侯出。自诸侯出,盖十世希不失矣;自大夫出,五世希不失矣;陪臣执国命,三世希不失矣。天下有道,则政不在大夫。天下有道,则庶人不议。
- 16.5益者三乐not yet covered
孔子曰:益者三乐,损者三乐。乐节礼乐,乐道人之善,乐多贤友,益矣。乐骄乐,乐佚游,乐宴乐,损矣。
- 16.11见善如不及not yet covered
孔子曰:见善如不及,见不善如探汤。吾见其人矣,吾闻其语矣。隐居以求其志,行义以达其道。吾闻其语矣,未见其人也。
- 17.4子之武城not yet covered
子之武城,闻弦歌之声。夫子莞尔而笑,曰:割鸡焉用牛刀?子游对曰:昔者偃也闻诸夫子曰:君子学道则爱人,小人学道则易使也。子曰:二三子!偃之言是也。前言戏之耳。
- 17.14道听而涂说not yet covered
子曰:道听而涂说,德之弃也。
- 18.2柳下惠为士师not yet covered
柳下惠为士师,三黜。人曰:子未可以去乎?曰:直道而事人,焉往而不三黜?枉道而事人,何必去父母之邦?
- 18.6长沮、桀溺耦而耕not yet covered
长沮、桀溺耦而耕,孔子过之,使子路问津焉。长沮曰:夫执舆者为谁?子路曰:为孔丘。曰:是鲁孔丘与?曰:是也。曰:是知津矣。问于桀溺,桀溺曰:子为谁?曰:为仲由。曰:是鲁孔丘之徒与?对曰:然。曰:滔滔者天下皆是也,而谁以易之?且而与其从辟人之士也,岂若从辟世之士哉?耰而不辍。子路行以告。夫子怃然曰:鸟兽不可与同群,吾非斯人之徒与而谁与?天下有道,丘不与易也。
- 18.7子路从而后not yet covered
子路从而后,遇丈人,以杖荷𦰏。子路问曰:子见夫子乎?丈人曰:四体不勤,五谷不分。孰为夫子?植其杖而芸。子路拱而立。止子路宿,杀鸡为黍而食之,见其二子焉。明日,子路行以告。子曰:隐者也。使子路反见之。至则行矣。子路曰:不仕无义。长幼之节,不可废也;君臣之义,如之何其废之?欲洁其身,而乱大伦。君子之仕也,行其义也。道之不行,已知之矣。
- 19.2子张曰not yet covered
子张曰:执德不弘,信道不笃,焉能为有?焉能为亡?
- 19.4子夏曰not yet covered
子夏曰:虽小道,必有可观者焉;致远恐泥,是以君子不为也。
- 19.7子夏曰not yet covered
子夏曰:百工居肆以成其事,君子学以致其道。
- 19.12子游曰not yet covered
子游曰:子夏之门人小子,当洒扫、应对、进退,则可矣。抑末也,本之则无。如之何?子夏闻之曰:噫!言游过矣!君子之道,孰先传焉?孰后倦焉?譬诸草木,区以别矣。君子之道,焉可诬也?有始有卒者,其惟圣人乎!
- 19.19孟氏使阳肤为士师not yet covered
孟氏使阳肤为士师,问于曾子。曾子曰:上失其道,民散久矣。如得其情,则哀矜而勿喜。
- 19.22卫公孙朝问于子贡曰not yet covered
卫公孙朝问于子贡曰:仲尼焉学?子贡曰:文武之道,未坠于地,在人。贤者识其大者,不贤者识其小者,莫不有文武之道焉。夫子焉不学?而亦何常师之有?
- 19.25陈子禽谓子贡曰not yet covered
陈子禽谓子贡曰:子为恭也,仲尼岂贤于子乎?子贡曰:君子一言以为知,一言以为不知,言不可不慎也。夫子之不可及也,犹天之不可阶而升也。夫子之得邦家者,所谓立之斯立,道之斯行,绥之斯来,动之斯和。其生也荣,其死也哀,如之何其可及也。
